George H. D. Gossip
George H. D. Gossip | |
---|---|
Full name | George Hatfeild Dingley Gossip |
Country | United States England |
Born | New York City, New York, US | December 6, 1841
Died | May 11, 1907 Liphook, Hampshire, England | (aged 65)
George Hatfeild Dingley Gossip (December 6, 1841 – May 11, 1907) was an American-English
Gossip was also a noted writer. His
Gossip made his living primarily as a journalist, author, and translator. He wrote for publications in England, France, Australia, and the United States. At various times he resided in each of those countries, as well as in Germany and Canada. In 1898 and 1899, two publishers issued Gossip's sole book about a subject other than chess, The Jew of
Chess writers have often mocked Gossip's play, calling him a
Early life and education
Gossip was born in New York City on December 6, 1841, to George Hatfeild Gossip, an Englishman, and his wife Mary Ellen Dingley Gossip, of New York.
Non-chess adult life
Gossip made his living primarily as a writer and translator, writing for newspapers and magazines on three continents. His profession is described in the 1871, 1881, and 1891 United Kingdom censuses, respectively, as a "translator of languages", an "author of work on chess", and a member of the "literary profession".[5] He lived for over five years in Paris, contributing to French publications. From 1879 to 1880 he was "employed occasionally as translator and otherwise" in The Times of London's office in Paris.[4] He also lived in Germany.[6]
Gossip married Alicia (the name is sometimes given as "Alice"), a music teacher from Dublin, in Jersey in 1868.[5][7] As of 1871, they were living in London with their 11-month-old son George and two servants.[5] By 1881, Gossip and his wife had moved to Ipswich, and had three more children: Helen (born c. 1872), Harold (c. 1874), and Mabel (c. 1879).[5][8][9] After Gossip's father died in 1882, the Gossips and their four children immigrated to Australia, arriving in January 1883.[7] While in that country, Gossip wrote articles for the Sydney Star, Sydney Globe, Sydney Evening News, Town and Country Journal, The Advertiser (Adelaide), and other publications. He contributed literary articles to Once a Month magazine (Melbourne) and the Sydney Quarterly Magazine.[4]
Gossip moved to the United States in 1888, departing in April from Sydney on the steamship Alameda.[7][10][11] In May, the ship arrived in San Francisco, where, Gossip wrote, "I first set foot on my native soil after an absence of over forty years."[11] He wrote articles for the San Francisco Examiner on the "Chinese Question in Australia" and the San Francisco Chronicle on "Protection and Free Trade in New South Wales".[4]
His family apparently remained in Australia, where Alicia died of cancer in October 1888.
In 1889, Gossip returned to Europe.[10] By 1891, he was living as a tenant in a London boarding house.[5] In 1894, he moved to Montreal, Quebec, Canada.[13] While living there, Gossip contributed articles to a newspaper in Manchester, England.[6] The June 1895 British Chess Magazine (BCM) and June 1897 American Chess Magazine reported that he was living in Buffalo, New York.[13][14]
Under the pseudonym "Ivan Trepoff", Gossip wrote a book, The Jew of Chamant, which was published by Hausauer (Buffalo) in 1898, and by F.T. Neely (London and New York) in 1899. The two versions are subtitled, respectively, "or, the modern Monte Cristo" and "a romance of crime".[15] The book is intensely antisemitic.[16] The author explains in its preface:[16][17]
My object in the present work is to paint the rich Jew in his true colors, as the enemy of society; to show that the Jew who steals millions, can, in Europe, at any rate, defy the laws with impunity, and that he almost invariably escapes punishment owing to improper occult influences, and the mighty power of Israelitish gold.
The chess literature is silent about the last decade of Gossip's life.[5][18] He died of heart disease on May 11, 1907, at the Railway Hotel in Liphook, England.[1][19][20]
Chess career
By 1864, Gossip was appearing in London chess circles,
Gossip won the 1873–74
In 1874, Gossip lost a match for the Championship Cup of the Provinces to
Gossip's first significant success at
In 1885 Gossip, a year after immigrating to Australia, issued a challenge to any player in the Australian colonies to play a match with him for 20
An Australian commentator observes, "Gossip may not have been the most popular itinerant to venture to these shores in the nineteenth century, but when he announced his challenge ... he at least brought the question of an official Chess Champion of Australia before the chess playing fraternity".[39] In 1950, when Esling was 90, the Australian Chess Federation formally declared, belatedly, that he had become the first Australian Chess Champion by winning his 1885 match against Gossip.[2][40][41] The Second Australian Chess Championship, a tournament, was held at Adelaide in 1887. Gossip finished third with 6½ out of 9, behind Henry Charlick (7½ points) and Esling (7 points).[10][42]
After returning to America in 1888, Gossip obtained an appointment at the
Gossip was unable to repeat even this modest level of success in his final tournaments. He finished last in five consecutive strong events: the Master Section at London 1889 (scoring 1½ out of 10; Bird won on tiebreak over Gunsberg); the Meisterturnier (Master Tournament) at
A report in the BCM in 1889 observed that Gossip suffered from great nervousness that prevented him from fully displaying his abilities at chess tournaments, where he had to stop his ears "to keep out the low hum inseparable from a large concourse of people".[52] Bird likewise wrote that minor distractions that he would not even notice would "drive ... Gossip to despair".[53] The BCM commentator accordingly believed that Gossip "would make a good stand in a single encounter with men who are much higher in the tournament than he is".[52]
Following his move to Montreal, Gossip in a letter to a friend dated October 20, 1894, complained, "The
Gossip was only a minor master, "a mediocre player who figured at or near the bottom of every better than average tourney in which he participated".
Chess books and articles
As of 1874, Gossip was the chess editor of The Hornet.[84] In that year, after several years' work, he published his magnum opus, The Chess-Player's Manual—A Complete Guide to Chess.[21] It was "a handsomely produced work with more than 800 of its 900 pages devoted to openings and illustrative games".[34] The book became the subject of biting criticism, largely because Gossip had included 27 illustrative games that he had won against leading players of the day, and only 12 games that he had lost.[21] Steinitz later wrote:[85]
Mr Gossip had practiced the unfair ruse of carefully preserving stray skittles games which he had happened to win or draw, generally after many defeats, against masters whose public records stood far above his own, ... thus leading the public to believe that the author stood on a par with them, or was even their superior.
According to Diggle, this edition of the book "failed utterly".[6] The harsh reception accorded it embittered Gossip against chess critics for the rest of his life.[21]
In 1879, Gossip published Theory of the Chess Openings, a shorter work more in the style of
While in Australia, Gossip wrote a chess column that appeared in Once a Month magazine from February to October 1885.[86]
A new edition of The Chess-Player's Manual was published in 1888, this one with a 122-page appendix by Lipschütz.[87] Steinitz wrote that "Mr Gossip has produced a useful work, which in some respects must be regarded even superior to that of Staunton or any other previous writers on the chess openings. ... But the most meritorious distinguishing feature of the Manual is the large collection of illustrative games by various first-class masters, and in that respect Mr Gossip's work stands second only to Signor Salvioli's Teoria e Pratica among the analytical works in any language."[85] The following year, Steinitz cited it in The Modern Chess Instructor as one of the 12 principal authorities he had relied on in writing that treatise.[88]
An anonymous reviewer in
The June 1888 issue of Steinitz's International Chess Magazine contained an article by Gossip that Robert John McCrary calls "a very illuminating, important, and detailed account of the state of San Francisco chess".[95][96][97] For the last few months of 1888 Gossip was listed as being on the "Editorial Staff" of the Columbia Chess Chronicle. Its December 29, 1888, issue contained a lengthy article by him entitled "Chess in the Present Day", which offered a broad sweep of chess history and the advances made by chess in the United States. Gossip called Paul Morphy and Steinitz "the two greatest chessplayers that have ever lived" and remarked that "no Englishman has yet attained, or probably ever will attain, to the eminence of chess champion of the world. ... The deep-thinking German, the brilliant Frenchman and the versatile American have always been too much for sober, stolid John Bull."[5]
Gossip in 1891 published a second revised edition of his Theory of the Chess Openings, which Diggle calls "a handsome volume with an appendix of sixty-one pages". Characteristically, he devoted much of the appendix to criticizing his detractors and anticipating their further attacks.[13]
Gossip also wrote the lesser-known chess books The Chess Players' Text Book (1889), The Chess-player's Vade Mecum and Pocket Guide to the Openings (1891), Modern Chess Brilliancies (1892), The Chess Player's Pocket Guide to Games at
Manner and reputation
Burn's biographer Richard Forster notes that Gossip "was well-known for his exaggerated self-esteem".
Gossip, with his long, flowing beard, looks like one of the old-time monks. He has a good-shaped cranium, bald at the top, and is a little above the medium height. ... He believes himself to be one of the greatest chessplayers in the world, and thinks that if everything had gone on to his liking he could have beaten all the champions at the tournament. He is a deliberate player, but every now and then he takes a nip from a flask of brandy that generally stands on his table. He complained that his chair was too low, and he once attributed a defeat to that. Finally, he got a large ledger and sat upon it. He did, in fact, seem to derive some inspiration from its contents, for he played two or three excellent games afterward.
Diggle observes that Gossip "developed 'a happy knack of treading on other people's corns' by rushing into print" his occasional wins in offhand games against such leading players as Bird and Zukertort.[21] He also vehemently denounced his critics and those with whom he disagreed. For example, in 1888 the Columbia Chess Chronicle quoted a lecture he had given two days before on the Steinitz Gambit. After condemning as "utterly worthless" the analysis of that opening published in two English periodicals, Gossip declaimed:[102]
In order, therefore, to establish an important point of theory, and at the same time to prevent American chessplayers from being misled and deceived by the superficial analysis of incompetent British chess editors, whose object in condemning the Steinitz Gambit has obviously been mainly to depreciate the originality of its illustrious inventor, whom they invariably try to drag down to their own miserable level of shallow incompetency and self-conceit, I submit the following variations which at any rate possess the undeniable merit of exposing the hollow analytical twaddle continually published in the two London journals above named.
Hooper and Whyld note Gossip's "unusual talent for making enemies" and attribute the critical reception of his books to this, since in their opinion "his books were not significantly worse than the general run of the time, and they were better than, for example, those by Bird, who was popular".[34] They remark on his travels that, "Disliked in England, he travelled to Australia, the United States, and Canada, where he also became unpopular."[34] Some measure of his talent for stirring up controversy is provided by a letter Pollock wrote during their 1894–95 match:[103]
I and Gossip are six each and may draw the match. He has proved a terrible crank and has had several games by forfeit, and one "cancelled". He now has a
libel suit against the chess column of the Herald. ... We have just agreed, per the committee, to call the match a draw. Whereby all parties are relieved.
Chess historian
By
Another assessment system, Chessmetrics, calculates that Gossip's highest rating was 2470 (number 50 in the world) in April 1889.[110] By comparison, the world's three highest-rated players at that time had Chessmetrics ratings over 2700.[111] Chessmetrics also ranks Gossip number 17 in the world during four one-month periods between February and July 1873,[110] when opportunities for high-level competition were much rarer.[112] Like Diggle, Chessmetrics considers New York 1889 Gossip's best individual performance, concluding that he scored 39% against opponents with an average rating of 2595, giving him a performance rating of 2539 for that tournament.[110] In 1904, the Deutsche Schachzeitung, on the basis of its tabulation of players' percentage scores in all major international tournaments from London 1851 to Cambridge Springs 1904, ranked Gossip the number 62 living player in the world.[113]
Diggle writes that despite his faults, Gossip was "a man of dauntless courage and infinite capacity for hard work", which enabled him to become a recognized author despite the disastrous reception that the first edition of his Chess-Player's Manual received. His literary style was vigorous, and shows him to be an educated and well-read man.[13]
Notable games
Showalter vs. Gossip, New York 1889
The following game was played between future five-time
|
Fred Reinfeld calls the game "a glorious masterpiece".[122] Steinitz proclaims, "One of the finest specimens of sacrificing play on record. Mr. Gossip deserves the highest praise for the ingenuity and depth of combination which he displayed in this game."[123][124] Soltis writes that "there were many raised eyebrows"[125] when the tournament committee awarded the prize for the best-played game not to Gossip for this game, but to Gunsberg for his win over Mason.[126][127][128] After comparing the two games, Whyld writes, "The verdict seems clear. Gossip was robbed!"[2] Diggle states, "Gossip was, of course, the last man to keep quiet about this decision, and for once he had considerable public sympathy on his side."[129]
Chigorin vs. Gossip, New York 1889
|
When facing world-class opponents, Gossip more often fell victim to their combinations. A famous example is his loss, also at New York 1889, to Mikhail Chigorin (White), who lost world championship matches to Steinitz in 1889 and 1892.[130][131]
Notes
- ^ a b Gaige 1987, p. 146.
- ^ a b c d e f g Whyld May 2001, p. 265.
- ^ Winter August 6, 2007, discusses the unusual "Hatfeild" spelling.
- ^ a b c d e f Winter 2004 (quoting Columbia Chess Chronicle, August 18, 1888, pp. 55–56).
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Winter 2004.
- ^ a b c d e f g Winter 2004 (quoting article by G. H. Diggle in Newsflash, April 1983, later republished in G. H. Diggle, Chess Characters: Reminiscences of a Badmaster, Chess Notes, Geneva, 1984, pp. 93–94).
- ^ a b c d e f Whyld July 2001.
- ^ Whyld May 2001, p. 263.
- ^ A photograph of the Gossips' house appears at Winter March 8, 2007.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Diggle 1969, p. 2.
- ^ a b Mechanics' Institute Chess Club 2007 (quoting G. H. D. Gossip, International Chess Magazine, June 1888, pp. 170–71).
- ^ Winter 2004 (citing George Hatfield Dingley Gossip – The Aerodrome – Aces and Aircraft of World War I; retrieved on 2009-11-09).
- ^ a b c d e f g Diggle 1969, p. 3.
- ^ Winter 2004 (quoting American Chess Magazine, June 1897, p. 59).
- ^ Winter November 15, 2008.
- ^ a b Winter February 14, 2009.
- ^ Trepoff 1899, p. 3.
- ^ Diggle 1969, pp. 3–4.
- ^ Diggle 1969, p. 4.
- David Hooper, British Chess Magazine, October 1964, p. 306).
- ^ a b c d e Diggle 1969, p. 1.
- ^ Di Felice 2004, pp. 51, 54, 55, 57, 59, 89, 103, 114, 117, 118, 121, 128, 129, 133, 142, 157.
- ^ Di Felice 2004, p. 51.
- ^ Forster 2004, pp. 30–31, 43–44.
- ^ Sergeant 1934, p. 152.
- ^ Di Felice 2004, p. 54.
- ^ Gossip and Lipschütz 1902, title page.
- ^ a b c Hooper and Whyld 1992, p. 152.
- ^ Brennen 2005.
- ^ Chernev 1974, pp. 132–33.
- ^ a b Sergeant 1934, p. 163.
- ^ Gossip 1891, p. v.
- ^ Sergeant 1934, p. 184.
- ^ a b c d e f Hooper and Whyld 1992, p. 155.
- Maharajahof Vizayanagaram, which was used to pay most of the prize fund in that tournament. Minchin 1883, p. xiv; Sergeant 1934, p. 186.
- ^ a b Minchin 1883, p. xxxi.
- ^ a b Di Felice 2004, p. 89.
- C. J. S. Purdy).
- ^ Peter Wagg in A.C.L. Partnership 1981, p. 51.
- ^ Peter Wagg in A.C.L. Partnership 1981, p. 50.
- ^ "Australian Championship for 90th Birthday!", Chess World, July 1, 1950, pp. 149-61.
- ^ Di Felice 2004, p. 103.
- ^ Christiaan M. Bijl calls it "one of the greatest chess tournaments of the 19th century". Preface to Steinitz 1891 (1982 Olms edition). The Report of the Tournament Committee states that Gossip represented England. Steinitz 1891, p. XXII.
- ^ According to Chessmetrics, New York 1889 was the strongest tournament between 1889 and 1894, and contained five of the top ten players in the world at the time. Chessmetrics, Summary: 1889–1894.
- ^ Hooper and Whyld 1992, p. 446 ("Miksa or Max Weiss" entry).
- ^ Steinitz 1891, pp. xii, xx.
- ^ Sergeant 1934, pp. 210, 232.
- ^ a b Di Felice 2004, p. 117.
- ^ Di Felice 2004, pp. 114, 118, 121, 133, 142.
- ^ Di Felice 2004, p. 157.
- ^ Reichhelm 1898, p. 43. Consistent with the June 1895 BCM, Reichhelm gives Buffalo as Gossip's city of residence. Id.
- ^ a b Diggle 1969, pp. 2–3.
- ^ Bird 1893, pp. 240–41.
- ^ Rowland 1899, pp. 4, 10, 136–39.
- ^ Di Felice 2004, p. 158.
- ^ Soltis 1975, pp. 76–77.
- ^ Garry Kasparov calls Hastings 1895 "the most important tournament of the nineteenth century". Kasparov 2003, p. 126.
- ^ Arthur Bisguier and Andrew Soltis call Hastings 1895 the "greatest tournament of the nineteenth century". Bisguier & Soltis 1974, p. 53.
- ^ Reinfeld 1950, pp. 29, 38.
- ^ Gossip lost to Lasker at London 1892 and New York 1893. Di Felice 2004, pp. 133, 142.
- ^ Lasker was World Champion from 1894 to 1921. Kažić 1974, p. 206.
- ^ Gossip lost to Steinitz at London 1872. Di Felice 2004, p. 54.
- ^ Steinitz was World Champion from 1886 to 1894. Kažić 1974, p. 206; Hooper and Whyld 1992, p. 395. Some consider Steinitz's reign to have begun in 1866, after he won a match against Adolf Anderssen, Golombek 1977, p. 309; Fine 1983, p. 30, or 1872, after he won his first match against Zukertort. Sunnucks 1970, pp. 440–41.
- ^ Gossip lost to Zukertort at London 1872. Di Felice 2004, p. 54.
- ^ Zukertort lost a World Championship match to Steinitz in 1886. Kažić 1974, pp. 207–08.
- ^ Gossip lost to Tarrasch at Breslau 1889 and Manchester 1890. Di Felice 2004, pp. 118, 121.
- ^ Tarrasch lost a World Championship match to Lasker in 1908. Kažić 1974, p. 215.
- ^ Gossip lost twice to Chigorin at New York 1889. Di Felice 2004, p. 117.
- ^ Chigorin lost World Championship matches to Steinitz in 1889 and 1892. Kažić 1974, pp. 209, 211.
- ^ Gossip lost to Gunsberg at the 1883 Vizayanagaram tournament, New York 1889 (twice), London 1889, Breslau 1889, and Manchester 1890. Di Felice 2004, pp. 89, 114, 117–18, 121.
- ^ Gunsberg lost a World Championship match to Steinitz in 1890–91. Kažić 1974, p. 210.
- ^ Gossip lost to Paulsen at Breslau 1889. Di Felice 2004, p. 118.
- ^ Gossip lost to Pillsbury at New York 1893. Di Felice 2004, p. 142.
- ^ Gossip lost to Mason at London 1889, Breslau 1889, Manchester 1890, and London 1892; he drew and lost to Mason at New York 1889. Di Felice 2004, pp. 114, 117–18, 121, 133.
- ^ Sonas, Chessmetrics Player Profile: Louis Paulsen; Sonas, Chessmetrics Player Profile: Harry Pillsbury; Sonas, Chessmetrics Player Profile: James Mason.
- Birmingham1874 and New York 1889 (twice). Di Felice 2004, pp. 51, 59, 117–18; Forster 2004, pp. 43–44, 107, 364–65, 380–81, 392.
- ^ Gossip lost to Blackburne at the Third British Chess Association Congress in 1870, London 1872, New York 1889 (twice), Breslau 1889, and Manchester 1890. Di Felice 2004, pp. 51, 54, 117–18, 121.
- Simpson's Divanin London in 1891. Di Felice 2004, pp. 114, 117, 121, 128–29, 133.
- ^ Gossip lost to de Vere at London 1872. Di Felice 2004, p. 54.
- ^ Sonas, Chessmetrics Player Profile: Amos Burn; Sonas, Chessmetrics Player Profile: Joseph Blackburne; Sonas, Chessmetrics Player Profile: Henry Bird; Sonas, Chessmetrics Player Profile: Cecil de Vere.
- ^ Gossip drew and lost to Weiss at New York 1889. Di Felice 2004, p. 117.
- ^ Gossip lost to Wisker at the Third British Chess Association Congress in 1870, and at London 1872. Di Felice 2004, pp. 51, 54.
- ^ Sonas, Chessmetrics Player Profile: Miksa Weiss; Sonas, Chessmetrics Player Profile: John Wisker.
- ^ Forster 2004, p. 85 (quoting Amos Burn in the Liverpool Weekly Albion, September 5, 1874).
- ^ a b Winter 2004 (quoting Steinitz, International Chess Magazine, May 1888, pp. 137–38).
- ^ Ken Fraser in A.C.L. Partnership 1981, p. 69.
- ^ Winter 2004. Lipschütz's first name is unknown, with various sources giving it as "Samuel", "Solomon", and "Simon". Winter April 30, 2007; Gaige 1987, p. 251.
- ^ Steinitz 1889, pp. viii–ix.
- ^ The New York Times 1888.
- ^ Hooper and Whyld 1992, p. 228.
- ^ Brady 1973, p. 11.
- ^ Fischer wrote, "The Chessplayers [sic] Manual" by Gossip and Lipschutz, published in 1874, devotes 237 pages to this gambit without arriving at a conclusion." Fischer 1961, p. 4.
- ^ Nick de Firmian refers to "A Bust to the King's Gambit" as "Bobby Fischer's famous article". de Firmian 2009, p. 3.
- ^ Andrew Soltis calls it "a celebrated article". Müller 2009, p. 29.
- ^ McCrary (book), p. 51.
- ^ McCrary (Internet).
- ^ An excerpt from the article appears in Mechanics' Institute Chess Club 2007.
- ^ WorldCat.
- ^ Betts 2005, pp. 603, 618.
- ^ Forster 2004, p. 84.
- ^ Winter August 10, 2008 (quoting "The Chessboard Kings: Ways and Looks of 20 Great Players", The New York Times, June 16, 1889, p. 8).
- ^ Winter 2004 (quoting Columbia Chess Chronicle, September 15, 1888, pp. 91–92).
- ^ Whyld July 2001 (quoting The Four-leaved Shamrock, 1911).
- ^ See Hooper and Whyld 1984, p. 131; Hooper and Whyld 1992, pp. 155–56.
- ^ Damsky 2005, p. 108.
- ^ Fox and James 1993, p. 168.
- ^ Winter 2004. Gossip's 13.5 points equalled the combined scores of the last two finishers (John Washington Baird, 7 points and Nicholas MacLeod, 6.5 points). Gossip's draw against Weiss (ChessGames.com (Gossip-Weiss)) could be said to have determined the outcome of the tournament, since if Weiss had won the game he would have won the tournament outright rather than tying with Chigorin for first place.
- ^ Whyld May 2001, p. 264.
- ^ Elo 1978, p. 192.
- ^ a b c Sonas, Chessmetrics Player Profile: George Gossip.
- ^ Sonas, April 1889 rating list.
- ^ Fine 1983, pp. 16, 31, 49.
- ^ Forster 2004, p. 669 (reproducing table from the Deutsche Schachzeitung, July 1904, pp. 222–23).
- ^ a b c d "Showalter vs. Gossip". Chessgames.com.
- ^ a b c d Steinitz 1891, p. 387.
- ^ a b c Steinitz 1889, p. 66.
- ^ a b c d Reinfeld 1950, p. 30.
- ^ Soltis 1978, p. 196.
- ^ Sukhin 2007, pp. 139, 147.
- ^ a b Chernev and Reinfeld 1949, p. 135.
- ^ "Jackson Whipps Showalter vs. George Hatfeild Gossip, 6th American Chess Congress (1889), New York". Chessgames.com.
- ^ Reinfeld 1950, p. 29. However, echoing the general contempt for Gossip, Reinfeld begins his discussion of the game by observing, "Every dog has his day." Id.
- ^ Steinitz 1891, p. 388.
- ^ Reinfeld 1950, p. 31.
- ^ Soltis 1978, p. 197.
- ^ "Mason vs. Gunsberg". Chessgames.com.
- ^ Steinitz 1891, pp. 1–2.
- ^ Wellmuth 1943, pp. 88–89.
- ^ Diggle 1969, p. 2. Pollock won the brilliancy prize for his scintillating victory over Weiss. Steinitz 1891, pp. 2–3; Soltis 1978, p. 197; Wellmuth 1943, pp. 89–90. That game can be played at Chessgames.com (Weiss–Pollock).
- ^ "Chigorin vs. Gossip". Chessgames.com.
- ^ Sukhin 2007, pp. 140, 147.
- ^ Kaufman 2004, p. 343.
- ^ de Firmian 2008, p. 136.
- ^ a b c d Bogoljubov 1987, p. 39.
- ^ a b c Damsky 2005, p. 109.
- ^ Chernev 1955, p. 139.
- ^ "Mikhail Chigorin vs. George Hatfeild Gossip, 6th American Chess Congress (1889), New York". Chessgames.com.
References
- A.C.L. Partnership (1981). Australian Chess Lore (Volume 1). Chess in Australia. ISBN 0-9595297-1-3.
- Betts, Douglas A. (2005). Chess: An Annotated Bibliography of Works Published in the English Language 1850–1968. Moravian Chess Publishing House. ISBN 80-7189-557-1.
- ISBN 978-1-60303-042-7. OCLC 413863. Retrieved November 11, 2009.
- ISBN 0-02-511050-0.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ISBN 0-7134-5719-8.
- Brady, Frank (1973). Profile of a Prodigy (2nd ed.). David McKay. OCLC 724113.
- Brennen, Neil R. (November 7, 2005). "'The Queen of Chess': The Correspondence Chess of Ellen Gilbert". CorrespondenceChess.com. Archived from the original on February 6, 2009. Retrieved 2009-11-11.
- ISBN 978-0-671-53801-9.
- Chernev, Irving (1974). Wonders and Curiosities of Chess. Dover. ISBN 0-486-23007-4.
- Chernev, Irving and ISBN 0-671-21221-4.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ChessGames.com. "Chigorin–Gossip, New York 1889". ChessGames.com. Retrieved November 11, 2009.
- ChessGames.com. "Gossip–Weiss, New York 1889". ChessGames.com. Retrieved November 11, 2009.
- ChessGames.com. "Mason–Gunsberg, New York 1889". ChessGames.com. Retrieved November 11, 2009.
- ChessGames.com. "Showalter–Gossip, New York 1889". ChessGames.com. Retrieved November 11, 2009.
- ChessGames.com. "Weiss–Pollock, New York 1889". ChessGames.com. Retrieved November 11, 2009.
- Damsky, Yakov (2005). The Batsford Book of Chess Records. Batsford. ISBN 0-7134-8946-4.
- ISBN 978-0-8129-3682-7.
- Di Felice, Gino (2004). Chess Results, 1747–1900. McFarland & Company. ISBN 0-7864-2041-3.
- Diggle, G. H. (January 1969). "The Master Who Never Was". British Chess Magazine. pp. 1–4.
- ISBN 0-668-04721-6.
- ISBN 0-486-24512-8.
- Fischer, Bobby (Summer 1961). "A Bust to the King's Gambit". American Chess Quarterly. pp. 3–9.
- Fischer, Bobby (Summer 1961). "A Bust to the King's Gambit" (PDF). ChessCafe.com. Retrieved November 11, 2009.
- Forster, Richard (2004). Amos Burn: A Chess Biography. McFarland & Company. ISBN 0-7864-1717-X.
- Fox, Mike; James, Richard (1993). The Even More Complete Chess Addict. Faber and Faber. ISBN 0-571-17040-4.
- ISBN 0-7864-2353-6.
- ISBN 0-517-53146-1.
- Gossip, G. H. D. and )
- Gossip, G. H. D. (1891). Theory of the Chess Openings (2nd ed.). W.H. Allen & Co.
- ISBN 0-19-217540-8.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - Hooper, David; Whyld, Kenneth (1992). The Oxford Companion to Chess (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-866164-9.
- ISBN 1-85744-330-6.
- ISBN 0-8129-3571-3.
- Kažić, B.M. (1974). International Championship Chess: A Complete Record of FIDE Events. Pitman. ISBN 0-273-07078-9.
- Kooyman, Roy (November 20, 1957). "The Chess Morgue". Chess Life. pp. 5, 7. Also available on DVD (pages 185, 187 of "Chess Life 1957" PDF file).
- McCrary, Robert John. The Hall-of-Fame History of U.S. Chess, Number 1. U.S. Chess Trust. OCLC 40575673.
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External links
- George Hatfeild Gossip player profile and games at Chessgames.com