Gibson ES-150
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Gibson ES-150 | |
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Charlie Christian pickup ) | |
Colors available | |
Sunburst |
The Gibson ES-150 is a pioneering
Unlike the usual acoustic guitars in jazz bands of the period, it was loud enough to take a more prominent position in ensembles. Upon its debut it immediately became popular with such notable guitar players as Charlie Christian, spreading its renown . Gibson produced the guitar with minor variations until 1940, when the ES-150 designation (the "V2") denoted a model with a different construction and pickup.
History
Gibson's previous electrified guitars were either primitive
The ES-150 was preceded by Gibson adding ancillary piezo pickups to its regular acoustic guitars. The company had developed an electromagnetic pickup in 1935 (the now-famous "bar pickup", named for its shape), which was initially factory-installed only on lap steel guitar (EH) models, then offered as an accessory and finally installed on acoustic guitars (the L-00 and L-1 models).[3]
These electrified guitars were so successful that in the summer of 1936 two US retailers,
Gibson's "own" ES-150, a "more-upmarket ES model" compared to the Ward and Spiegel models, had minor changes from the contract models, such as a solid carved spruce top, maple back and sides,
Gibson introduced two new variations in August 1938: the cheaper ES-100 (with a smaller body and different pickup), and an upscale version, the ES-250 (with a different peghead, fancier inlays, and a pickup with individual pole pieces instead of a bar). Each with case and amplifier, the ES-100 sold for $117.50 (equivalent to $2,500 in 2023) and the ES-250 started at $253 (equivalent to $5,500 in 2023).[5] [verification needed]
By 1940, sales had slumped, and Gibson enhanced the model, changing to pickups with Alnico magnets—the forerunner of the P-90, which is still in production. They installed the new pickups on all their electric models, starting in July 1940, renaming the ES-100 and 250 to ES-125 and 300). On the ES-150, Gibson moved the pickup (with adjustable individual poles) closer to the bridge for a more "biting" sound for soloing. Gibson still installed bar-style pickups on request on post-1940 models for Hank Garland, Barry Galbraith, and Barney Kessel. Gibson formally reintroduced the bar pickup in 1958 as a $60 option (equivalent to $600 in 2023) — announcing it with the question, "Remember the straight-bar pickup that was made famous by Charlie Christian?"[5]
Later models
In the late 1960s, Gibson introduced the ES-150DC, which was a significantly different instrument, despite its similar model number. The ES-150DC was a hollowbody electric guitar with a double-cutaway body similar in appearance to the semi-hollow 335 guitars (except for a greater body thickness). It featured two humbuckers, a rosewood fingerboard with small block inlays, and a master volume knob on the lower cutaway. This model, however, was not particularly popular, and it was discontinued by Gibson in the mid-1970s.[citation needed]
Production numbers
Shipping numbers for the ES-150 in its first full year, 1937, were relatively strong at 464. Thirty-seven EST-150s and one single EPG-150 were shipped in 1937. Of the ES-250, 14 were shipped in 1939. By that year, sales of the ES-150 had dwindled to about 20 units on average per month.[5]
Model | Year | Number built |
---|---|---|
ES-150 | 1936 | 23 |
1937 | 464 | |
1938 | 362 | |
1939 | 252 | |
1940 | 218 | |
Total | 1,319 | |
EST-150 | 1937 | 37 |
1938 | 22 | |
1939 | 15 | |
1940 | 19 | |
Total | 93 | |
EPG-150 | 1937 | 1 |
"Charlie Christian pickup"
The Charlie Christian pickup, as the bar-style pickup of the early ES-150 models came to be known, was a departure from previous pickups. Earlier pickups featured either a horseshoe
Gibson made three varieties of the Charlie Christian pickup, all distinguished by the polepiece:
- The first, produced from 1936 until mid-1938, had a plain blade polepiece. The coil was wound to about 2.4 kΩ resistance using AWG 38 enameled wire.
- The second type, introduced on ES-150s from mid-1938 onward, had a polepiece with a notch cut out below the second (B) string. This modification lowered the B string's volume, which previously sounded louder than the other strings. This pickup's coil was wound with more turns of a finer wire (AWG 42), producing approximately 5.2 kΩ resistance and higher output.
- The third pickup was available on the Gibson ES-250, beginning in 1939. The blade on this pickup had five notches, one in each string space. This pickup had a more compact internal design, with a cobalt steel slug that was small enough to sit directly under the pickup.
Sound
Charlie Christian pickups produce a clear sound because of their narrow string-sensing blade — and a strong signal because of their relatively high coil impedance. Uneven magnetic flux within the steel magnets can cause some distortion in the signal. These pickups are relatively sensitive to electromagnetic hum because of their large surface area and lack of shielding.
In a c. 1990s article discussing the sound and history of the Charlie Christian pickup, vintage guitar dealer Phil Emerson wrote:[citation needed]
"Have you noticed how profound the influence that the old Gibson Charlie Christian bar magnet pickup has had on tone? It is a pickup that is instantly identifiable when heard. Everybody (including me) just goes crazy for that light, but dark, warm but steely, hot but mellow tone. Warm — but clean, punchy — but transparent, it's all the above and more. Isn't it curious that the greatest sounding jazz guitar pickup was developed at the very beginning of electric guitar evolution, and was in existence before 99% of the rest of electric guitars and pickups were even developed!"
Largely due to the influence of Charlie Christian himself, numerous 20th century guitarists performed and recorded using instruments equipped with versions of the Charlie Christian pickup. These include the following: T-Bone Walker, Tiny Grimes, Oscar Moore, Barney Kessel, Alvino Rey, Jimmy Raney, Rene’ Thomas, Jimmy Gourley, Tal Farlow, Tony Mottola, Mary Osborne, Barry Galbraith, Elek Bacsik, Dennis Budimir, Dave Barbour, Eddie Duran, Hank Garland, Kenny Burrell, Louis Stewart.
References
- ^ Hunter, Dave, The Rough Guide to Guitar, Penguin Books, 2011.
- ISBN 0-7935-9210-0.
- ^ a b c Vintage Guitar & (March 2011), pp. 30–32
- ISBN 978-0879-30886-5.
- ^ a b c d e Vintage Guitar & (May 2012)
- ISBN 9780879309312.
Bibliography
- Duchossoir, A.R.; Wheelwright, Lynn (March 2011). "The Original ES-150: How Gibson Won the ES-War, Part 1". Vintage Guitar.
- Duchossoir, A.R.; Wheelwright, Lynn (May 2012). "The Original ES-150: How Gibson Won the ES-War, Part 2". Vintage Guitar.