Giovanni Battista Rinuccini
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Giovanni Battista Rinuccini | |
---|---|
Papal Nuncio | |
Roman Catholic Church | |
Personal details | |
Born | 15 September 1592 |
Died | 13 December 1653 Firmo |
Giovanni Battista Rinuccini (1592–1653) was an
Early life
Rinuccini was born in Rome on 15 September 1592.
Irish mission
On 15 September 1644 a new pope Pope Innocent X was elected.[4][5] He decided to step up the help for the Irish Catholic Confederates. He sent Rinuccini as nuncio to Ireland[6] to replace the envoy Friar Pierfrancesco Scarampi who had been sent to Ireland by his predecessor, the pope Urban VIII, in 1643.[7]
Arrival
Rinuccini departed France from
Rinuccini had sent ahead arms and ammunition: 1,000 braces of pistols, 4,000 cartridge belts, 2000 swords, 500 muskets and 20,000 pounds of gunpowder.[14] He arrived twelve days later with a further two thousand muskets and cartridge-belts, four thousand swords, four hundred braces of pistols, two thousand pike-heads, and twenty thousand pounds of gunpowder, fully equipped soldiers and sailors and 150,658 livres tournois to finance the Irish Catholic war effort.[15] These supplies gave him a huge input into the Confederate's internal politics because the Nuncio doled out the money and arms for specific military projects, rather than handing them over to the Confederate government, or Supreme Council.
Rinuccini hoped that by doing so he could influence the Confederates' strategic policy away from making a deal with
Faction fighting
The Confederates' Supreme Council was dominated by wealthy landed magnates, predominantly of "
However, when the terms were published, they granted only the private practice of Catholicism. Alleging that he had been deliberately deceived, Rinuccini publicly backed the militant faction, which included most of the Catholic clergy and some Irish military commanders such as
Defeat
However, the following year, the Confederates' attempts to drive the remaining English (mainly
Return to Italy and death
Rinuccini returned to Rome in November 1649 where he presented the Pope with a repport entitled "Relazione delle cose in Irlanda", which recounts his stay in Ireland in 36 chapters.[a] Rinuccini returned to his diocese in Fermo in June 1650. He died on 13 December 1653 in Fermo.[21][22]
Commentarius Rinuccinianus
Rinuccini had planned to write a detailed account of his mission after his return to Fermo and had asked two Irish Capuchin friars, Richard O'Ferrall and Robert O'Connell, to come to Fermo to help him with that task. After his death, the two Cupuchins wrote in Florence the work now called the Commentarius Rinuccinianus in five volumes. It stayed in manuscript from and would only be printed in 1949.
This account blames personal vainglory and tribal divisions for the Catholic disunity in Ireland. In particular, it blames the Old English for the eventual Catholic defeat. The Gaelic Irish, it claimed are more sincere Catholics, despite being less civilised.
Literary works
Rinuccini wrote books on philosophy,
References
Notes
Citations
- ^ Aiazza 1873, p. page v. "Giovan Batista Rinuccini was born on September 15th, 1592."
- ^ D'Alton 1912, p. 61. "... and in 1625 became archbishop of Fermo."
- ^ Ó hAnnracháin 2009, 3rd paragraph. "... refused to transfer to the more prestigious archiepiscopal see of Florence in 1631 ..."
- ^ Collier 1910, p. 582, lines two and three. "... succeeded Urban VIII. as pope on the 15th of September 1644."
- ^ Neilson 1980, p. 760, left column, line 1. "Innocent X. Real name Giovanni Battista Pamfili ... 1574–1655. Pope (1644–1655) ..."
- ^ Tomassetti 2016a. "... l'impegno di I. X [Innocent X] crebbe in Irlanda, dove nell'aprile 1645 fu inviato un nunzio speciale, Giovanni Battista Rinuccini ..."
- ^ Cleary 1912, p. 514, right column. "At the request of Fr. Luke Wadding, the agent at Rome for the Irish Confederates, Urban VII, by Brief dated 18 April, 1643, sent Fr. Scarampi to assist at the Supreme Council ..."
- ^ Aiazza 1873, p. 80. "... I set sail from the Island of San Martino on Monday the 18th instant [October 1645] ..."
- ^ Coffey 1914, p. 152, line 16. "[Rinuccini] ... landed at Kenmare, October, 21st [1645]."
- ^ Smith 1893, p. 89. "On the 22nd of October, a strange, new, and unwelcome guest arrived in Ireland, viz., John Baptist Rinucini, archbishop ..."
- ^ Meehan 1882, p. 140, line 28. "The Nuncio immediately addressed the president in Latin ..."
- ^ Cregan 1995, p. 496, line 10. "... there is no evidence that any official business of the central administration of the Confederate Catholics was contracted through Irish ..."
- ^ Castlehaven 1815, p. 13. "If a letter came to them written in Irish, it would be wondered at, and hardly could one be found to read it."
- ^ Aiazza 1873, p. x. "The nuncio was preceded by a vessel laden with 1000 pairs of pistols, 4,000 cartouche belts, 2,000 sabres, 500 muskets and 20,000 pounds of powder"
- ^ From an archepiscopal document found by the Protestants and published, noted in detail by Aiazzi 1844:xv, against which these figures have been correlated.
- ^ Coffey 1914, p. 195. "The army then moved to Knocknanuss or Knock-na-gaoll, where on November 13th [1647] Taaffe was routed by Inchiquin."
- ^ O'Sullivan 1983, p. 278. "... the San Pietro, the vessel which had brought him to Ireland and on which he now proposed to depart ... on the morning of the 23rd February 1649, Rinuccini quitted 'the place of his refuge' and went on board."
- ^ Smith 1893, p. 92. "quit the kingdom ... on the 23rd of February, 1648-9."
- ^ Aiazzi 1844, p. [1].
- ^ Aiazza 1873, p. [2].
- ^ Aiazza 1873, p. page xi. "... in December 1653, being again attacked by illness, he placidly ceased to live."
- ^ Tomassetti 2016b. "... morì il 13 dicembre 1653."
- ^ Now in: Storie Inglesi, l'Inghilterra vista dall'Italia tra storia e romanzo (XVIII sec.) edited by Clizia Carminati and Stefano Villani, Pisa, Edizioni della Normale, 2011
Sources
Subject matter monographs:
- Click here. Rev. Edward Alfred D'Alton 1912 in Catholic Encyclopedia
- Click here. Tadhg hAnnracháin in Dictionary of Irish Biography
- Click here. Stefano Tomassetti in Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
- Aiazza, Giuseppe (1873). The Embassy in Ireland of Monsignor G. B. Rinuccini, Archbishop of Fermo, in the Years 1645–1649. Translated by Hutton, Annie. Dublin: Alexander Thom. OCLC 1037551732.
- Aiazzi, Giuseppe (1844). Nunziatura in Irlanda di Monsignor Gio. Batista Rinuccini Arcivescovo di Fermo negli anni 1645–1649 (in Italian). Florence: Piatti. OCLC 29085018.
- OCLC 906518547.
- Cleary, Gregory (1912). "Scarampi, Pierfrancesco". In OCLC 1157968788.
- Collier, Theodore Freylinghuysen (1910). Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 582. . In
- Coffey, Diarmid (1914). O'Neill and Ormond – A Chapter of Irish History. Dublin: Maunsel & Company. OCLC 906164979.
- Cregan, Donal F. (1995). "The Confederate Catholics of Ireland: The Personal of the Confederation, 1642–9". Irish Historical Studies. XXIX (116): 490–512. JSTOR 30006772.
- D'Alton, Rev. Edward Alfred (1912). "Rinuccini, Giovanni Battista". In OCLC 1157968788.
- Kavanagh, Fr. Stanislaus (1949). Commentarius Rinuccinianus. Vol. VI. Dublin: Irish Manuscripts Commission. OCLC 1231683906.
- OCLC 224157081.
- Neilson, William Allan, ed. (1980). Webster's Biographical Dictionary. Springfield, Massachusetts: ISBN 0-87779-443-X.
- Ó hAnnracháin, Tadhg (October 2009). McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). "Rinuccini, GianBattista". Dictionary of Irish Biography. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
- ISBN 978-0-906312-21-6.
- Tomassetti, Stefano (2016a). Romanelli, Raffaele (ed.). "Innocenzo X, papa, Giovanni Battista". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). Retrieved 17 March 2021. – Online edition
- Tomassetti, Stefano (2016b). Romanelli, Raffaele (ed.). "Rinuccini, Giovanni Battista". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). Retrieved 17 March 2021. – Online edition
- OCLC 559463963. – History
Further reading
- Lenihan, Pádraig (2001). Confederate Catholics at War, 1641–49. Cork: ISBN 1-85918-244-5. – Does not seem to be available online
- Ó Siochrú, Michael (1999). Confederate Ireland, 1642–49: A Constitutional and Political Analysis. Dublin: ISBN 978-1-85182-400-7.
- Ó hAnnracháin, Tadhg (2002). Catholic Reformation in Ireland: The Mission of Rinuccini 1645-49. Oxford: Oxford University Press. – (Not available online)
- OCLC 831383411. – Aphorismical Discovery, 1641 to 1648
- Campbell, Ian W. S. (2012). "Truth and calumny in Baroque Rome: Richard O'Ferrall and the "Commentarius Rinuccinianus", 1648-1667". Irish Historical Studies. XXXVIII (150): 211–229. JSTOR 43654471.