Glossary of arthropod cuticle
This is a glossary of terms used in the description of
specimens
from which taxa are defined.
A
- a-
- wanting or without
- ab-
- off; away from
- aciculate
appearing as if irregularly scratched with a needle[1]
- acinose
continuously set with granulations like those on a blackberry
- adsperse
marked with closely crowded, small spots
- alutaceous
rather pale leather-brown; covered with minute cracks like human skin and leathery in texture
- honeycombed; with regular, deep, angular cavities (alveoli) separated by thin partitions; furnished with cells or alveoli
- areate
furnished with open areas or with areas defined on the surface
- areolate
divided into a number of small, irregular, impressed spaces[1]
- asperous
rough and uneven
- atomarius
with minute dots or points
C
- caelate
- with superficial plane elevations of varying form
- sensu stricto)
- cancellate
a latticework or grid; a series of enclosed cells or chambers
- carinate
keeled; having keels or carinae; with one, or several, but usually few longitudinal narrow raised ribs or ridges
- carinulate
with several small, elevated longitudinal ridges or carinae; less prominent than carinate
- cariose
corroded; appearing worm-eaten; with cavities or ulcerations
- cataphracted
clad in closely set scales
links in a chain- catenate
- chain-like, with smaller links than catenate
- channelled
having deep grooves or channels
- cicatrose
a surface having scars with elevated margins like those of small pox
- clathrate
latticed; elevated ridges decussing at right angles
- colliculate
continuously covered with low, rounded elevations, not as pronounced as acinose
- conflected
crowded; thickly clustered
- confused
markings with indefinite outlines or run together as lines or spots without definite pattern
- connected
scattered; spread irregularly and some distance apart; thin; eg., pile or hairs
- consute
with very minute elevations in series, some distance apart, and of a different color from the general surface, which resemble stitching somewhat
- coriaceous
leather-like in texture, with minute cracks like human skin
- coriarious
leather-like in sculpture; with minute cracks like human skin
- corrugated
wrinkled into furrows; with alternate ridges and channels
- corticinus
bark-like sculpturing or texture
- costate
furnished with longitudinal raised ribs or ridges (costae), much coarser than carinate
- costulate
- with longitudinal, coarse raised ribs or ridges; much coarser and more extensive than carinulate; less prominent ribs or ridges than costate
- crenate
having the margin evenly notched with rounded teeth
- crenulate
- having the margin finely notched with small, rounded teeth
- cristate
with a prominent carina or crest on the upper surface; crested
- cristulate
with several, small, crescent-like ridges or crests
D
- sensu lato)
- destitute
- lacking or devoid of something specified; being entirely without (used to contrast)
- dispersed
with scattered markings or small sculptures
E
- e-
- without
- ecarinate
without or deprived of a keel or a carina (used to contrast carinate)
- echinate
thickly set or armed with short, stout spines or prickles; spiny like a hedgehog
- echinulate
- with very small prickles; minutely echinate
- elute
- with scarcely distinct markings
- embossed
ornamented with raised sculpturing
- ex-
- out of; proceeding from
- exarate
ploughed; sculpted; furrowed; sulcated; an excavated surface in general
- excavated
with a scooped out depression; superficially, with a hollowed out area
- explicate
unfolded or open; also, without folds or plicae
- exsculptate
with irregular, more or less longitudinal depressions, as if carved or scooped out
F
- farinaceous
mealy or powdery looking; applied to surfaces or wings
- farinose
dotted with many single flour-like spots; mealy
- fatiscent
with superficial cracks, crevices, or similar openings
- fenestrate
with transparent areas or window-like openings (fenestrae) as in the wings of some Lepidoptera
- sensu stricto)
- fluted
having parallel grooves or flutes; channelled
- fossulate
with oblong depressions (fossulae); more elongate or furrow-like than scrobiculate
- foveate
pitted; with numerous, regular, depressions or pits (foveae)
- foveolate
with small deep pits; finely pitted
G
- glabrate
- almost glabrous
- sensu lato)
- goffered
with regular impressions, closely set, and separated by narrow ridges; waffling or honeycombs
- granulate
covered with or made up of very small grains or granules; minutely and densely verrucose or minutely farinose
H
- hatched
closely marked with numerous short, transverse lines
I
- scales on a fishsensu stricto)
- impressed
having shallow, depressed areas or markings
- impunctate
not punctate or marked with punctures (used to contrast punctate)
- inermis
unarmed; without striae, spines, or any other sharp processes
- innotate
without markings
furrowsof equal width throughout- interstice
a space between two lines, whether striate or punctate
- interval
a space between two structures or sculptures
- intricate
confused; markings, whether elevated or depressed, so run into each other as to be difficult to see
- investitus
unclothed; without scales or hair
- irrorate
freckled or speckled; covered with minute spots or granules
L
- lacunose
full of hollows or cavities; with scattered and irregular broad, shallow cavities
- levigate
a smooth surface, sometimes somewhat shiny or polished; without elevations or depressions
- lineate
longitudinally marked with raised or depressed parallel lines; with linear marks
- lineolate
- finely lineate, longitudinally marked with very fine raised or depressed lines
M
- maculate
spotted; with many superficial marks or spots
- maculation
the pattern of marks or spots on a surface
- micans
shining or twinkling, in part or altogether
- munite
a surface armed with spines or other excrescences
- murriculate
- with a covering of fine, short, sharp, thick excrescences; irregularly scabriculous
- mutic
unarmed; lacking processes where such usually occur
N
- nitid
shiny or glossy; reflecting light
- nodulate
a surface sculpturing of small knots or swellings
- sensu lato)
- nude
naked; devoid of hair, scales or other surface vestiture
O
- obscure
dark; not readily seen; not well defined
- ordinate
spots or sculpturing arranged in rows or regularly arranged
P
- papillate
covered with small, nipple-like surface elevations, often porous at the tip
- papillulate
beset with depressions or elevations with a small elevation in the center (a papillule)
- sensu stricto)
- plica
fold
- plicate
folded or closed; with folds or plicae; impressed with striae to produce the appearance of having been folded or pleated
- politus
polished; smooth, shiny
- pollinose
covered with a loose, mealy, often yellow dust like the pollen of flowers; fine meal
- porcate
with several parallel, longitudinal ridges with deep, broad sulcations
- porose
- having pores
- prominent
raised or produced above the surface or beyond the margin; standing out in relief; conspicuous by position
- protuberance
any excrescence above the surface; a prominence
- pruinose
appearing covered with a fine dust or coarse powder, but which cannot be rubbed off; the brightness of the surface somewhat obscured by the appearance of a bloom like that of a plum
- pulverulent
powdery or dusty. Also, covered with very minute, powder-like scales
- punctate
set with fine, impressed points or punctures appearing as pin-pricks
- puncticulate
sparsely punctate with very fine, widely spaced punctures
- punctulate
finely punctate; with numerous minute and close set punctures
terminal pore
R
- rastrate
covered as if with longitudinal scratches
- reticulate
superficially net-like or made up of a network of lines; meshed; netted[1]
- bark of a tree
- rimulose
- minutely rimose; with minute cracks or fissure-like openings with sharp edges
- rivose
marked with sinuate furrows, like rivulets, not running in a parallel direction
- rivulose
- minutely rivose; with very small or fine sinuate furrows, like rivulets, which are not parallel
- rorulent
covered with a bloom of fine dust that can be rubbed off
- rugose
wrinkled
- rugulose
minutely rugose; minutely wrinkled[1]
S
- salebrose
rough, rugged, or uneven
- scabriculous
finely scabrous; with fine and regular short, sharp, wrinkles and/or projections
- scabrid
- sparsely scabrous
- scabrous
rough; irregularly and roughly rugose; possessing short, sharp projections or wrinkles
- scarified
sparsely appearing clawed or scratched; furnished with fine, irregular grooves, coarser than aciculate
- scrobiculate
uniformly covered with short, oblong or trench-like hollows
- sculpture
the markings or pattern of impressions or elevations on a surface
- sculptured
ornamented with raised sculpturing; superficially marked with elevations or depressions or both, arranged in some definable manner
- scutate
covered with large, flat, scales; having a scutum; shield-shaped; scutiform
- scutellate
divided into surfaces like small plates, minutely scutate
- serrations
lines arranged in parallel series, either in sculpture or in color, as in the Corixidae of the Heteroptera
- shark leather
- sparse
scattered; spread irregularly and some distance apart; thin; eg., pile or hairs
- spherulate
provided with one or more rows of minute tubercles
- spinose
armed with thorny spines, more elongated than echinate
- spinulate
set with numerous small, thorny spines; minutely spinose
- squamate
scaly; covered with scales
- squarrose
rough with elevations; scurfy; rough with loose scales differing in direction or not parallel in direction
furrows- strigate
having narrow, transverse lines or streaks, either raised or impressed; composed of fine, short lines
- strigulate
finely or minutely strigate; with numerous short and fine transverse lines, either raised or impressed
furrows- sub-
- under, slightly less than, or not quite so
furrowedor grooved
T
- sensu stricto)chess board, either in sculpturingor in colorsensu stricto)sensu lato)
- tuberculate
covered or furnished with rounded, projecting lobes; more projecting than granulate, papillate, or pustulate
U
- undose
with undulating, broad, nearly parallel depressions running more or less into each other; wavy, resembling ripple-marks on a sandy beach
V
- variolate
pitted as if by smallpox; full of irregular indentations (varioles)
- venose
- furnished with veins or vein-like marking; of or pertaining to veins
- vermicular
worm-shaped or worm-like in general body form
- vermiculate
with superficial, tortuous markings resembling the tracks of a worm
- verrucose
covered with irregularly shaped lobes or wart-like protuberances
- vittate
striped; longitudinally striped or plaited
See also
- Arthropod cuticle
- Glossary of entomology terms
- Glossary of scientific names
- Glossary of scientific naming
References
- ^ a b c d Harris, R. A. (1979). A glossary of surface sculpturing (28 ed.). California Department of Food and Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology. pp. 1–31.
External links
Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 4.0: Shattuck, Steve, ed. (2011). "Surface Sculpturing II". AntWiki. Steve Shattuck.
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