Golden Charter of Bern
This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. (December 2019) |
The Golden Charter of Bern (also:
The charter's 54 articles provided for extensive privileges, including the free election of the
The issue of whether the charter — regarded as Bern's founding document for centuries — is authentic has been contentious among historians since the 1860s. Modern researchers now seem to agree that it is a forgery done on behalf of Bern's government during the middle of the 13th century, done to establish in writing the rights the city had in practice seized decades previously. They point out that the exceptional liberties granted by the charter were very atypical for the time, and that the writing seems to match that of one writer in the
See also
References
- ^ Bern city in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
Literature
- Rainer C. Schwinges, Erfolgreich gefälscht — die Goldene Handfeste in: Rainer C. Schwinges (ed.), Berns mutige Zeit: Das 13. und 14. Jahrhundert neu entdeckt, Bern, Schulverlag blmv AG und Stämpfli Verlag AG, Bern 2003, ISBN 3-7272-1272-1, p. 231–232.
- Barbara Spalinger, Die Goldbulle der Handfeste im Röntgenbild, in: Schwinges (2003), op.cit., p. 233.
- Karl H. Flatt, Das Bernbiet im Früh- und Hochmittelalter, in: Peter Meyer (ed.), Berner — deine Geschichte, Büchler Verlag, Bern 1981, ISBN 3-7170-0185-X, p. 58.
- Town privileges in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
- Bern: Municipal constitution in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.