Graphyne
![]() Chemical structure of graphyne-1
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Graphynes.png/260px-Graphynes.png)
Graphyne is an
Depending on the content of acetylene groups, graphyne can be considered a mixed hybridization, spk, where k can be 1 or 2,[1][2] and thus differs from the hybridization of graphene (considered pure sp2) and diamond (pure sp3).
First-principles calculations showed that periodic graphyne structures and their boron nitride analogues are stable. The calculations used phonon dispersion curves and ab-initio finite temperature, quantum mechanical molecular dynamics simulations.[3]
History
Graphyne was first theoretically proposed by Baughman et al. in 1987.[4] In 2010, Li et al. developed the first successful methodology for creating graphdiyne films using the Glaser–Hay cross-coupling reaction with hexaethynylbenzene.[5] The proposed approach makes it possible to synthesize nanometer-scale graphdiyne and graphtetrayne, which lack long-range order. In 2019, Cui and co-workers reported on a mechanochemical technique for obtaining graphyne using benzene and calcium carbide.[6] Although a gram-scale graphyne can be obtained using this approach, graphynes with long-range crystallinity over a large area remain elusive.
Although disputed, researchers used alkyne metathesis, while controlling thermodynamics and kinetics, to synthesize graphyne in 2022.[7][8] Various analytical methods indicate its excellent chemical and thermal stability. A wide-angle X-ray scattering characterization of the obtained graphyne product suggests a unified crystalline structure.[9]
In 2022, the first scalable synthesis of multi-layered γ‑graphyne was successfully performed through the polymerization of 1,3,5-tribromo-2,4,6-triethynylbenzene under
Structure
Through the use of computer models scientists have predicted several properties of the substance on assumed geometries of the lattice. Its proposed structures are derived from inserting acetylene bonds in place of
Properties
Models predict that graphyne has the potential for
Potential applications
It has been hypothesized that graphyne is preferable to graphene for specific applications owing to its particular energy structure, namely direction-dependent Dirac cones.[15][16] The directional dependency of 6,6,12-graphyne could allow for electrical grating on the nanoscale.[17] This could lead to the development of faster transistors and nanoscale electronic devices.[13][18][19] Recently it was demonstrated that photoinduced electron transfer from electron-donating partners to γ-graphyne is favorable and occurs on nano to sub-picosecond time scale.[20]
References
- .
- S2CID 125591804.
- S2CID 44136901.
- doi:10.1063/1.453405.
- PMID 20442882.
- S2CID 104431102.
- ^ Hu, Yiming; Wu, Chenyu; Pan, Qingyan; Jin, Yinghua; Lyu, Rui; Martinez, Vikina; Huang, Shaofeng; Wu, Jingyi; Wayment, Lacey J.; Clark, Noel A.; Raschke, Markus B.; Zhao, Yingjie; Zhang, Wei (9 May 2022). "Synthesis of γ-graphyne using dynamic covalent chemistry".
- S2CID 248686420.
- ^ Leytham-Powell, Cay; Boulder, University of Colorado at. "Long-hypothesized 'next generation wonder material' created for first time". phys.org. Retrieved 2022-05-23.
- S2CID 252438218.
- PMID 29663794.
- ^ S2CID 119288235.
- ^ a b c d Dumé, Belle (1 March 2012). "Could graphynes be better than graphene?". Physics World. Institute of Physics.
- .
- PMID 22463556.
- .
- ^ Bardhan, Debjyoti (2 March 2012). "Novel new material graphyne can be a serious competitor to graphene". techie-buzz.com.
- ^ Cartwright, J. (1 March 2012). "Graphyne could be better than graphene". news.sciencemag.org. Archived from the original on 2 October 2012.
- ^ "Graphyne Better Than Graphene?". Materials Today. 5 March 2012.
- S2CID 254961210.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Rawat, Sachin (2022-08-05). "Graphene is a Nobel Prize-winning "wonder material." Graphyne might replace it". Big Think. Retrieved 2022-08-07.
- Wang, Xiluan; Shi, Gaoquan (2015). "An introduction to the chemistry of graphene". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 17 (43). Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC): 28484–28504. PMID 26465215.