Grove City College v. Bell
Grove City College v. Bell | |
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Holding | |
Title IX, which applies only to educational institutions that receive federal funds, could be applied to a private school that refused direct federal funding but for which a large number of students had received federally-funded scholarships. | |
Court membership | |
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Case opinions | |
Majority | White, joined by unanimous (Parts I, II, IV, V); Burger, Blackmun, Powell, Rehnquist, O'Connor (Part III) |
Concurrence | Powell, joined by Burger, O'Connor |
Concurrence | Stevens |
Concur/dissent | Brennan, joined by Marshall |
Abrogated by | |
Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987, Pub. L. No. 100-259, 102 Stat. 28 (1988) (in part) |
Grove City College v. Bell, 465 U.S. 555 (1984), was a case in which the
Opinion of the court
Justice Byron White delivered the opinion of the Court, which was unanimous except for Part III.
In an opinion by White, joined by Chief Justice
Concurring and dissenting opinions
John Paul Stevens concurred in part and concurred in the result, stating that he was unable to join in holding 2 above because he considered it an advisory opinion unnecessary to the overall decision and because it was predicated on speculation rather than evidence.
William Brennan joined by Thurgood Marshall concurred in part and dissented in part, expressing the view that the program-specific language in Title IX was designed to insure that the reach of the statute is dependent upon the scope of federal financial assistance provided to the college, so that when the financial assistance is clearly intended to serve as federal aid for the entire college, the college as a whole should be covered by the prohibition on sex discrimination.
Legacy
Effect on plaintiffs
The effect of the court decision on Grove City College was limited. Grove City modified its admission policies by refusing to sign any Federal government forms, and replacing federal assistance to students with private aid. The college chose to not admit students who took federal aid.[1]
Abrogation of decision
In 1987, the holding that compliance with Title IX was necessary only in the particular programs or activities that receive federal funding was abrogated when the United States Congress subsequently passed the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987, which specified that recipients of federal funds must comply with civil rights laws in all areas.
See also
Further reading
- Marks, Brian Andrew (1996). A Model of Judicial Influence on Congressional Policymaking: Grove City College v. Bell. Ann Arbor: UMI. OCLC 59620765.
- Pittsburgh Press analysis
References
- ^ "The Less Traveled Path of Grove City College". Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved October 30, 2023.
External links
- Text of Grove City College v. Bell, 465 U.S. 555 (1984) is available from: CourtListener Findlaw Google Scholar Justia Library of Congress Oyez (oral argument audio)