Gulating

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the current court, see Gulating Court of Appeal.
Tusenaarsstaden Gulatinget: monument by Bård Breivik erected August 2005 in commemoration of 1,000 years of the Gulaþing at Flolid, Gulen

Gulating (

law court of western Norway.[1] The practice of periodic regional assemblies predates recorded history and was firmly established at the time of the unification of Norway into a single kingdom
(900–1030). These assemblies or lagþings were not democratic but did not merely serve elites either. They functioned as judicial and legislative bodies, resolving disputes and establishing laws.

Gulaþing, along with Norway's three other ancient regional assemblies, the

Magnus the Lawmender had the existing body of law put into writing (1263–1280). They provided the institutional and legal framework for subsequent legislative and judicial bodies and remain in operation today as superior regional courts.[2]

History

A page of the Older Gulaþing Law from Codex Rantzovianus.

The Gulaþing was an annual parliamentary assembly which took place in Gulen, on the west coast of Norway north of Bergen, from approximately 900 to 1300 CE and was one of the oldest and largest parliamentary assemblies in medieval Norway. The Gulatinget Millennium Site is a symbol of the history of this Norwegian representative form of parliament, with traditions reaching over a thousand years back in time.[3]

Initially farmers from Western Norway met at Gulen to discuss political matters, things like taxation, the building of roads and churches, and military service. The assembly also passed judgments in civil disputes and criminal cases. Special legislation, Gulatingslova (the Gulaþing law), was drafted to aid the discussions. A fairly complete

Håkon the Good (935–961) took an active part in the parliamentary assemblies at Gulen, and under his rule the regions of Rogaland, Agder and Sunnmøre were brought into the area covered by the thing, with Valdres and Hallingdal also being incorporated later.[citation needed
]

The practice of periodic regional assemblies of leading men predates recorded history, and was firmly established at the time of the unification of Norway into a single kingdom (900–1030). These assemblies or lagþings, functioned as judicial and legislative bodies, resolving disputes and establishing laws. The Gulaþing received delegates from Lyngør in the south to north of Ålesund, and its laws were observed from the eastern inland valleys of Valdres and Hallingdal to the Faroe Islands in the west.[5]

The Gulaþing served as the model for the establishment of the legislative assemblies of

Faeroe Islands (the Løgting), areas settled by people from western Norway.[citation needed
]

While the Gulating was not a democratic assembly in the modern sense of an elected body, it effectively represented the interests of a large number of people rather than a small elite. The laws were typically crafted as social contracts. §35 for instance states, "None of us shall take goods from others, or take the law into our own hands" (Robbestad, 1969). The laws nevertheless applied for every person inside the "law area" Gulaþingslǫg. If a stranger stole from a Gulaþingsman, that was also in breach of the laws, but the law set no limits to how he could be punished.[citation needed]

Gulaþing, along with Norway's three other ancient regional assemblies, the

Magnus the Lawmender had the existing body of law put into writing (1263–1280). They provided the institutional and legal framework for subsequent legislative and judicial bodies, and remain in operation today as superior regional courts.[2]

The assembly site was selected as the millennium site for Sogn og Fjordane county.[citation needed]

The Older Gulaþing Law

The Older Gulaþing Law is the oldest record of Norwegian law and was possibly first created during the reign of

Danish Royal Library.[8]

The law covers a diverse range of topics such as enforcing correct

Christian practice (including the banning of blót and other aspects of Old Nordic religion), whaling rights, weregild and inheritance.[9]

Judgments

Violence was dealt with by fines, which were imposed not only on the murderer, but also on his relatives—a practice that distinguishes Old Norse law from the Roman practice of holding only the individual responsible. Homicide of an heir to a property, according to Gulaþing law §218-228, is punished by a collective fee of 189 cattle, where each responsible party's share is spelled out in detail.[citation needed]

See also

References

  1. ^ Per G. Norseng Gulating (Store norske leksikon)
  2. ^ a b Jon Gisle Borgarting (Store norske leksikon)
  3. ^ Larson, Laurence Marcellus (1935). "The earliest Norwegian laws". Columbia University Press. Retrieved November 16, 2015.
  4. ^ Per G. Norseng Gulatingsloven (Store norske leksikon)
  5. ^ Jon Gisle Lagting (Store norske leksikon)
  6. ^ Simensen 2021, pp. 8–9.
  7. ^ Per G. Norseng Gulatingsloven (Store norske leksikon)
  8. ^ Simensen 2021, pp. 11–12.
  9. ^ Simensen 2021, pp. vi, 36–37.

Bibliography

Primary

Secondary

  • Larson, Laurence M. (1939) The Earliest Norwegian Laws: being the Gulathing law and the Frostathing law (New York: Columbia University Press)
  • Robbestad, Knut (1969) Gulatingloven. (Oslo: Norrøne bokverk. Det Norske Samlaget)

External links

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