Hakka culture
Hakka culture (
Language
Architecture
Hakka walled village
Hakka earthen building
Horn House
Arts
Hakka hill song
Hakka opera
Hakkapop
Hakkapop is a genre of Hakka pop music made primarily in Taiwan, China, Indonesia and Malaysia.
Cuisine
Traditionally engaging in large amount of physical labor, Hakka people favor salty food and marinated vegetables that enable them to maintain their stamina.
Martial arts
The Hakka community is a source for a variety of martial arts including
Clothing
- Shanku - coat and trousers worn by both Hakka men and women; the preferred colour is usually black and blue.[4] Hakka people in Taiwai usually wear coats, trousers, and skirts.[4]
- Liangmao - a traditional Hakka hat worn by Hakka people.[5]
- Footbinding - Historically, Hakka women did not bind their feet when the practice was commonplace in China.[6]
Religion
The religious practices of Hakka people are largely similar to those of other Han Chinese. Ancestor veneration is the primary form of religious expression.[7] One distinctively Hakka religious practice involves the worship of dragon deities.[8]
Hakka Taoism
Hakka spirit
Hakka spirit refers to the Hakka people's spirit of endurance, diligence, and bravery in exploring new lands.[9]
Hakka sport culture in Taiwan
In Taiwan, the first Hakka community came from China Meizhou of Guangdong province, Chaozhou, Huizhou. They remain their living habits and plain life style.[10] The most characterized area is Liudui which is located in Kaohsiung and Pingtung. Hundreds of years ago, Liudui stood for six militia units of Hakka defense, which are Qiandui, Houdui, Zuodui, Youdui, Zhongdui and Hsianfengdui, respectively. Therefore, it represents to the Hakka communities in Pingtung and Kaohsiung. During the Qing Dynasty, the people in Liudui pushed down by the government. In order to strengthen their solidarity and protect their home, the people trained for defense. Gradually, the Liudui Hakka martial art become a local sport as the Japanese Government ruled Taiwan. With a great effort and support of local people, in 1948, the first Liudui Sports Game was held in Zhutian, Pingtung.[11] However, it was forced to barricade for eighteen years by the government when Taiwan was under the martial law generation. Fortunately, in 1966, the Liudui Sports Game back in action.[11] This event is annually held by the local government, and it has a strong connection with the Hakka culture. Since then, it has been a firm tradition event in Taiwan. The Liudui Sports Game is also known as Olympics of Dawu Mountain.[12] This sport game originated from the early martial. It is held by the Liudui immigrants. Liudui Sports Game is the biggest and the most unique Hakka contest in the Southern Taiwan, and it is the only Hakka sports event in the country. The purpose of the Liudui Sports Game is not only to commemorate the brave early immigrants but also to let the Hakka tradition pass down for years.[11] Moreover, this game encourages people to do more exercise because exercising is good for people in both physical and mental part. It is also a perfect time to gather people together. The Liudui Sports Game is popular among the athletes in Taiwan. Many famous athletes and sports figures have participated in this game such as Tseng Tsai-hua, who competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal.[11] Furthermore, it is often viewed as one of the cradles for Taiwan’s athletes. Recently, the Liudui Sports Game has become a Hakka festival. Since it is not only an athletic activity but also a festival that people can learn about the Hakka culture such as history, art, and customs. People said that the Liudui Sports Game has carried on tradition Hakka culture, and truly demonstrated the Hakka spirit.[13] Before the sports competitions begin, there are series of activities which are included in this festival. For instance, it will hold passing the Liudui torch, an opera performance, and a bicycling tour. In addition, after the competition, there are a group of singers and bands hold a concert in the evening.
See also
- Cantonese culture
- Hokkien culture
- Gan culture
- Xiang culture
- Chinese culture
References
- ^ "客家文化源于河洛文化". Archived from the original on 2010-12-20. Retrieved 2017-10-21.
- ^ Jian-xin, Z. H. O. U. (2005). Ethnic Identity, Culture Consciousness and Hakka Culture [J]. Journal of Guangxi University For Nationalities (Philosophy and Social Science Edition), 2.
- ^ Deng-qiu, C. A. I. (2004). On Pluralism of the Formation of the Hakka Culture [J]. Journal of Sanming College, 3, 015.
- ^ a b "Hakka Clothing". club.ntu.edu.tw. Retrieved 2021-07-25.
- ^ "Womens hat (liangmao) by Hakka people". collection.maas.museum. Retrieved 2021-07-25.
- ISBN 9780415241298.
- ISBN 9780306483219.
- ^ "客家夥房的土地龍神". Archived from the original on 2012-04-19. Retrieved 2017-10-21.
- ^ The Hakka Spirit
- ^ "A Brief Historical Overview of the Hakka". www.hakka.gov.tw. Hakka Affairs Council. Retrieved 2019-07-18.
- ^ a b c d "Looking forward to the 2019 Liudui Games in Pingtung?". www.hakka.gov.tw. Hakka Affairs Council. Retrieved 2019-07-18.
- ^ "2015The Liudui Sports Game". festival.hakka.gov.tw. Retrieved 2019-07-18.
- ^ "Liudui Sports Game showcases Hakka tradition and spirit: premier". 2.16.886.101.20003. 2016-03-14. Retrieved 2019-07-18.