Hallalhotsoot
Hallalhotsoot (Chief Lawyer) | |
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Hallalhotsoot | |
Nez Perce leader | |
Successor | Chief Joseph |
Parents |
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![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Lawyer-nez-perce.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Nezperce01.png/200px-Nezperce01.png)
Hallalhotsoot, also Hal-hal-tlos-tsot or "Lawyer"
His name appears as early as 1836 in a meeting with Marcus Whitman, and received the nickname "Lawyer" for his eloquence. He served as a guide for Whitman.[4]
After a group of missionaries arrived at
In 1855, he took part in the
After gold was discovered in Pierce in 1860, Lawyer agreed to new cessions of land in the Treaty of 1863,[8][9] in 1868, which Old Joseph (c.1785–1871) did not accept and considered it a betrayal. Therefore, in 1872, Hallalhotsoot was displaced by Chief Joseph as the only head of the tribe.
Lawyer Creek in north central Idaho, a tributary of the Clearwater River, is named for him. It carved the 300-foot (90 m) deep Lawyer's Canyon, between Ferdinand and Craigmont, and flows east to its mouth at Kamiah.[10] He died in Kamiah and is buried at its Nikesa Cemetery at the Presbyterian church,[11][12] where he was an elder.[1]
References
- ^ a b Ruark, Janice (February 23, 1977). "Lawyer led Nez Perce in peace before war". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Washington. p. 3.
- ^ "Washington History Online". Archived from the original on 2015-07-08. Retrieved 2015-07-08.
- ^ a b c Spalding, Smith & Drury 1958, p. 93.
- ISBN 0-8032-7024-0.
- OCLC 39088111. Retrieved 2021-11-04 – via WorldCat.
- ISBN 978-0-8061-3190-0.
- ISBN 978-0-85745-218-4.
- ^ "The Treaty Period". Nez Perce National Historical Park. National Park Service. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
- ^ Montgomery, James W. (November 24, 1979). "Controversial Nez Perce chieftain defended by western historian". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Washington. p. 5.
- ^ "Lawyer's Canyon". Spokesman-Review. Spokane, Washington. February 27, 1949. p. 15.
- ^ "Grave part of history". Spokane Daily Chronicle. Washington. (photo). July 6, 1965. p. 5.
- ^ "In the footsteps of the Nez Perces". Spokesman-Review. Spokane, Washington. June 18, 1972. p. 8, Sunday Magazine.
Source
- Spalding, Henry H.; Smith, Asa Bowen; Drury, Clifford Merrill (1958). The Diaries and Letters of Henry H. Spalding and Asa Bowen Smith Relating to the Nez Perce Mission, 1838-1842. Northwest historical series,4. Arthur H. Clark Company. .
External links
- Idaho State Historical Society Archived 2016-03-28 at the Wayback Machine – Reference Series – Lawyer and the 1863 Nez Perce Treaty
- Idaho Genealogy – Idaho Indian Tribes Project – Nez Perce
- Nez Perce.com – Political elements of Nez Perce history during mid-1800s
- Historic sites and antiques Archived 2016-04-19 at the Wayback Machine – Lawyer Canyon, Idaho
- Hallalhotsoot at Find a Grave