Hangaku Gozen

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Yoshitoshi
, c. 1885

Lady Hangaku (坂額御前, Hangaku Gozen)[1] was a onna-musha warrior,[2][3] one of the relatively few Japanese warrior women commonly known in history or classical literature. She took a prominent role in the Kennin Rebellion, an uprising against the Kamakura shogunate in 1201.[2]

Early life

She lived during the end of the Heian and the beginning of the Kamakura periods. Her other names include Hangaku (板額 or 飯角). She was the daughter of a warrior named Jō Sukekuni (城資国),[4] and her siblings were Jō Sukenaga (城資永) and Jō Nagamochi (城長茂) (or Sukemochi (助茂)).[2]

Career and capture

Further information: Kennin Rebellion

Hangaku Gozen was a member of the

Kamakura Shogunate. "Dressed as a boy", Hangaku stood on the tower of the castle and all those that came to attack her were shot down by her arrows which pierced them either in their chests or their heads.[7][8][9]

The rebel defenses were eventually struck down and Hangaku's fighting stopped only after she was wounded by an arrow that pierced her thigh. She was captured and presented, "fearless as a man and beautiful as a flower",[7] as a prisoner of war to the Shogun Minamoto Yoriiye, who was intrigued by her beauty and reputation.[10] Lady Hangaku was precluded from ritual suicide by the Shogun's orders to marry his retainer, Asari Yoshito.[11] Later, she reportedly delivered a son, but there is little record of the remainder of her life.

The Jō were warriors, allies of the

Kamakura Shogunate. Hangaku and Sukenaga took a defensive position at a fort at Tossakayama under attack from Sasaki Moritsuna (佐々木盛綱). Hangaku commanded 3,000 soldiers to defend against an army of 10,000 soldiers loyal to the Hōjō clan
.

Ultimately she was wounded by an arrow and captured; the defenses then collapsed. Hangaku was taken to

shōgun Minamoto no Yoriie, she met Asari Yoshitō (浅利義遠), a warrior of the Kai-Genji clan
, who received the shōgun's permission to marry her. They lived in Kai, where she is said to have had one daughter.

Culture references

Hangaku appears in the Azuma Kagami.[12]

Hangaku is said to have been "fearless as a man and beautiful as a flower,"[13] and to have wielded a naginata in battle. Many storytellers and printmakers have portrayed her in their works, including Kuniyoshi, who produced a series of warrior women prints. This series also included such historical or literary figures as Tomoe Gozen, Shizuka Gozen, and Hōjō Masako.

References

  1. ^ Note: Gozen is not a name, but rather an honorific title, usually translated to "Lady", though the title was rarely bestowed upon men as well.
  2. ^
    ISBN 978-1-84603-952-2
    .
  3. ISBN 978-0-470-75139-8
    .
  4. ^ Mais, Carla <1992> (2019-03-12). "Onna bugeisha La donna guerriera tra realtà storica e tradizione inventata" (in Italian). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  5. ISBN 978-1-4766-8451-2
    .
  6. ISBN 978-1-4532-9364-5
    .
  7. ^ a b M.R. Beard, The Force of Women in Japanese History (Washington, DC: Public Affairs Press, 1953), 72-73.
  8. ISBN 978-1-317-46868-4
    .
  9. ISBN 978-1-85109-775-3
    .
  10. ISBN 978-90-74822-84-8
    .
  11. ISBN 978-1-4381-2802-3
    .
  12. ^ [1] Archived September 12, 2005, at the Wayback Machine
  13. ISBN 9781851097708
    .
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