Heimatschutz

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Trachtenverein Miesbach, an early folklore society in Bavaria, 1862

Heimatschutz is a

conservation as well as the care of historic townscapes, cultural heritage and traditions, folklore and regional identity
.

History

The term was coined in 1897 by the conservationist

Wars of Liberation and gained increasing political meaning during the rise of Romantic nationalism. Numerous historical and folk art societies arose, such as the bourgeois Wandervogel youth movement in 1896. On 30 March 1904, Rudorff founded the Bund Heimatschutz association in Dresden; the architect Paul Schultze-Naumburg being its first head. In 1916, Austrian Max Dvořák's Katechismus der Denkmalpflege appeared. In this book Dvorak builds upon the ideas of fellow-countryman Alois Riegl
and extends the idea of "homeland protection" beyond simply protection of geographical borders to encapsulate a society's culture.

A distinct early modernist Heimatschutz architectural style, characterised by traditional and regional building structural shapes, became common mainly in residential constructions up to World War II and continued until the late 1950s. The homeland literature of the late 19th century, opposing the prevalent naturalist movement, was popularised by authors like Berthold Auerbach, Ludwig Ganghofer, Peter Rosegger, or the "Heath Poet" Hermann Löns. In the Wilhelmine era, the middle-class educated Heimatschutz milieus increasingly adopted an anti-Modernist stance and developed strong ties with nationalist and chauvinist Völkisch circles. On the other hand, the idea of 'homeland protection' also became the concept of labour movements such as the German Friends of Nature (Naturfreunde).

During the

Blood and Soil" ideology in literature and film was promoted as an integral part of Nazi propaganda
.

After World War II, the Heimat concept remained the basis of numerous light novels and

Switzerland

In

nonprofit organisation established in 1905, is dedicated to the advancement of Switzerland's building culture. Its focus is on the preservation of important landmarks, the development of the structural environment, and the promotion of good architectural design.[3]

See also

References

  1. ^ Rudorff, Ernst: Heimatschutz. München: Müller 1897.
  2. ^ https://irp.fas.org/congress/2002_cr/s090402.html
  3. ^ heimatschutz.ch

Literature

  • "Conservation at War". Conservation at war, Miles Glendinning. Retrieved 2 February 2005.
  • Bickle, Peter (2002). Heimat: A Critical Theory of the German Idea of Homeland. "Canden House. .
  • Confino, Alon. The Nation as a Local Metaphor: Württemberg, Imperial Germany, and National Memory, 1871-1918. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1997.