Hemudu culture
Hanyu Pinyin | Hémǔdù wénhuà |
The Hemudu culture (5500 BC to 3300 BC
Material culture
Some scholars assert that the Hemudu culture co-existed with the
The Hemudu culture was one of the earliest cultures to cultivate rice. Recent excavations at the Hemudu period site of Tianluoshan has demonstrated rice was undergoing evolutionary changes recognized as domestication.[10] Most of the artifacts discovered at Hemudu consist of animal bones, exemplified by hoes made of shoulder bones used for cultivating rice.
The culture also produced lacquer wood. A red lacquer wood bowl at the Zhejiang Museum is dated to 4000-5000 BC. It is believed to be the earliest such object in the world.[11]
The remains of various plants, including
The culture produced a thick, porous pottery. This distinctive pottery was typically black and made with charcoal powder. Plant and geometric designs were commonly painted onto the pottery; the pottery was sometimes also cord-marked. The culture also produced carved jade ornaments, carved ivory artifacts and small clay figurines.
Sociopolitical organization
The early Hemudu period is considered the maternal clan phase. Descent is thought to have been matrilineal and the social status of children and women comparatively high. In the later periods, they gradually shifted into patrilineal clans. During that period, the social status of men rose and descent was passed through the male line.
Religion
Hemudu's inhabitants worshiped a
Environment
Fossilized
See also
References
- ^ Liu & Chen (2012), p. 200.
- ^ a b Wang (2001), p. 209.
- PMID 26766794.
- ^ Goodenough, Ward (1996). Prehistoric Settlement of the Pacific, Volume 86, Part 5. p. 53.
- ^ "The Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum". Archived from the original on 2014-02-28.
- ^ Tarling, Nicholas (1999). The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia. pp. 102–103.
- ISBN 9780521643108.
- JSTOR j.ctt24hf81.
- ISBN 978-0-4151-0975-8.
- ^ Red Lacquer Wood Bowl: The Origin of Lacquerware (2009)
- ^ Fuller & Qin (2010).
- doi:10.1002/oa.1206.
- ^ Tarling, Nicholas (1999). The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia. pp. 102–103.
- ^ Wang (2001), p. 211.
- ^ Underhill, Anne (2013). A Companion To Chinese Archaeology. p. 561.
- Fuller, D.Q.; Qin, Ling (2010), "Declining oaks, increasing artistry, and cultivating rice: the environmental and social context of the emergence of farming in the Lower Yangtze Region", Environmental Archaeology, 15 (2): 139–159, S2CID 140149877.
- Liu, Li; Chen, Xingcan (2012), The Archaeology of China: From the Late Paleolithic to the Early Bronze Age, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-64310-8.
- Wang, Haiming (2001), "Majiabang", in Peregrine, Peter N.; Ember, Martin (eds.), Encyclopedia of Prehistory, Volume 3: East Asia and Oceania, Springer, pp. 206–221, ISBN 978-0-306-46257-3.
Further reading
- Allan, Sarah (ed), The Formation of Chinese Civilization: An Archaeological Perspective, ISBN 0-300-09382-9
- ISBN 0-300-03784-8
- Fuller, D.Q & Harvey, E., Qin,L. (2007). Presumed domestication? Evidence for wild rice cultivation and domestication in the fifth millennium BC of the Lower Yangzte region.Antiquity 81(312), 316-331
- Zhu C, Zheng CG, Ma CM, Yang XX, Gao XZ, Wang HM, Shao JH. On the Holocene sea-level highstand along the Yangtze Delta and Ningshao Plain, east China. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN 48 (24): 2672-2683 DEC 2003