Heterogram (literature)
A heterogram (from hetero-, meaning 'different', + -gram, meaning 'written') is a word, phrase, or sentence in which no letter of the alphabet occurs more than once. The terms isogram and nonpattern word have also been used to mean the same thing.[1][2][3]
It is not clear who coined or popularized the term "heterogram". The concept appears in
Isogram has also been used to mean a string where each letter present is used the same number of times.[6][2][7] Multiple terms have been used to describe words where each letter used appears a certain number of times. For example, a word where every featured letter appears twice, like "Shanghaiings", might be called a pair isogram,[8] a second-order isogram,[2] or a 2-isogram.[3]
A perfect pangram is an example of a heterogram, with the added restriction that it uses all the letters of the alphabet.
Uses in ciphers
Heterograms can be useful as keys in ciphers, since heterogram sequences of the same length make for simple one-to-one mapping between the symbols. Ten-letter heterograms like PATHFINDER, DUMBWAITER, and BLACKHORSE are commonly used by salespeople of products where the retail price is typically negotiated, such as used cars, jewelry, or antiques.[citation needed]
For example, using the PATHFINDER cipher, P represents 1, A represents 2 and so on. The price tag for an item selling for $1200 may also bear the cryptic letters FRR, written on the back or bottom of the tag. A salesman familiar with the PATHFINDER cipher will know that the original cost of the item was $500, so that if the price is negotiated he will not accidentally eliminate all of the 140% margin in the $1200 price shown to prospective buyers.[citation needed]
A twelve-letter cipher could be used to indicate months of the year.
Longest examples
In the book
The word "subdermatoglyphic" was constructed by Edward R. Wolpow.
The longest German heterogram is "Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung" (heating oil recoil dampening) which uses 24 of the 30 letters in the German alphabet, as ä, ö, ü, and ß are considered distinct letters from a, o, u, and s in German.[citation needed] It is closely followed by "Boxkampfjuryschützlinge" (boxing-match jury protégés) and "Zwölftonmusikbücherjagd" (twelve-tone music book chase) with 23 letters.[citation needed]
Other examples
Words
17 letters
- subdermatoglyphic
16 letters
- uncopyrightables
15 letters
- dermatoglyphics
- hydropneumatics
- misconjugatedly
- uncopyrightable
14 letters
- ambidextrously
- computerizably
- copyrightables
- croquet-playing
- dermatoglyphic
- hydromagnetics
- hydropneumatic
- pseudomythical
- subformatively
- troublemakings
- undiscoverably
13 letters
- consumptively
- copyrightable
- documentarily
- draughtswomen
- endolymphatic
- flamethrowing
- flowchartings
- hydromagnetic
- lycanthropies
- metalworkings
- misconjugated
- motherfucking
- multibranched
- overadjusting
- subordinately
- troublemaking
- uncombatively
- uncopyrighted
- unmaledictory
- unpredictably
- unproblematic
- unsympathized
12 letters
- adsorptively
- ambidextrous
- amblygonites
- amylopectins
- bankruptcies
- blastodermic
- bluestocking
- cabinetworks
- centrifugals
- computerniks
- configurated
- considerably
- counterplays
- countervails
- customizable
- demographics
- demonstrably
- descrambling
- discountable
- discrepantly
- disreputably
- doublethinks
- drumbeatings
- earthmovings
- edulcorating
- euchromatins
- exclusionary
- exculpations
- expurgations
- exhaustingly
- farsightedly
- flexographic
- flowcharting
- Francophiles
- gourmandizes
- granulocytes
- hematoxylins
- housewarming
- hydromancies
- hypnotizable
- hyponatremic
- imponderably
- incomputable
- incomputably
- kymographies
- lexicography
- Lubavitchers
- lycanthropes
- malnourished
- mendaciously
- metalworking
- multipronged
- neurotypical
- nightwalkers
- outpreaching
- outscreaming
- outsparkling
- outspreading
- overhaulings
- overmatching
- overstudying
- overwatching
- packinghouse
- patchworking
- pelargoniums
- phagocytized
- phagocytizes
- phytoalexins
- placentiform
- polycentrism
- preadjusting
- postcardlike
- problematics
- productively
- questionably
- recognizably
- ropewalkings
- stakeholding
- stenographic
- stickhandler
- subnormality
- subvocalized
- thunderclaps
- unforgivable
- unforgivably
- unglamorized
- unhysterical
- unprofitable
- unprofitably
- upholstering
- voluntaryism
- xylographies
There are hundreds of eleven-letter isograms, over one thousand ten-letter isograms and thousands of such nine-letter words.[12]
Phrases and sentences
- Cwm fjord bank glyphs vext quiz. (26, perfect pangram)
- Blocky dwarf zings the jump. (A. Maag) (23)
- Nymphs beg for quick waltz. (Angus Walker) (22)
- Nymphs flicked gox quartz. (Rehan B.) (22)
- The big dwarf only jumps. (Alain Brobecker) (20)
In French
- Le bon Giscard! (12)
- Lampez un fort whisky! (Alain Brobecker) (18)
- Plombez vingt fuyards! (Alain Brobecker) (19)
In German
- "Fix, Schwyz!", quäkt Jürgen blöd vom Paß. (30)
- Malitzschkendorf (16): German city
In Danish
- Høj bly gom vandt fræk sexquiz på wc. (29, perfect pangram)
In Portuguese
- Velho traduz, sim! (14)
In Spanish
- Centrifugadlos (14, longest heterogramatic word in Spain Spanish (not the case for Castilian, also known as = Latin American Spanish) It's the result of the plural 3rd person verb centrifugar in informal second-person plural imperative
See also
References
- ^ "Do You Know the Meaning of These Words With No Repeating Letters?". play.howstuffworks.com. 8 May 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
- ^ a b c Nordquist, Richard (9 January 2020). "What Is an Isogram (Or Word Play)?". ThoughtCo. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
- ^ a b Francis, Darryl (November 2015). "Now My Fifty ++ Great New Isograms". Word Ways – via Digital Commons @ Butler University.
- ^ OCLC 8478220.
- ^ Borgmann, Dmitri (May 1985). "Long Isograms (Part 1)". Word Ways.
- ^ "Isogram". dcode.fr. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
- ^ Gooch, Rex (February 1998). "Isograms: the Sequel". Word Ways – via Digital Commons @ Butler University.
- ^ Francis, Darryl (February 2012). "New Pair Isograms". Word Ways – via Digital Commons @ Butler University.
- ^ Wolpow, Edward R. (1991) "[Subdermatoglyphic: A New Isogram https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/62412661.pdf]," Word Ways: Vol. 24 : Iss. 1 , Article 4.
- OCLC 45992352.
- PMID 2396833.
- ^ Berry, Nick (2012). "Distinct letters". datagenetics.com. Retrieved 28 September 2012.
External links
- Eric Chaikin (1 February 2004), "Renaming the Schwar(t)zkopf baby.", Word Ways, retrieved 30 September 2010