High Council for the Unity of Azawad

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High Council for the Unity of Azawad
Haut conseil pour l'unité de l'Azawad
LeadersAlghabass Ag Intalla (2016-present)
Mohamed Ag Intalla (2013-2016)
Intalla Ag Attaher (2013)
Cheikh Ag Aoussa (until 2016)
Achafghi Ag Bohada (2016-present)
Dates of operation2013 - present
Active regionsKidal Region
IdeologyAzawadi nationalism, Islamism
Part ofCoordination of Azawad Movements
AlliesNational Movement for the Liberation of Azawad
Arab Movement of Azawad
Battles and warsMali War

The High Council for the Unity of Azawad (HCUA) (French: Haut conseil pour l'unité de l'Azawad) is a Tuareg political movement formed on May 2, 2013, during the Mali War. The movement was initially called the High Council of Azawad (HCA) (French: Haut conseil de l'Azawad) before changing its name on May 19, 2013.

History

Flag of the High Council for the Unity of Azawad from 2014 to 2021.
Flag of the HCUA since 2021.

The High Council of Azawad was created to promote talks between Tuareg rebels and the Malian government during the early stages of the Mali War. The council was formed by Mohamed Ag Intalla along with other Tuareg representatives who sought a peaceful resolution to the conflict. Ag Intalla called on the MNLA and the Azawad Islamic Movement (MIA) to join the HCA on the day of its creation. Ag Intalla stated that the HCA "will support all efforts to find through dialogue a negotiated political solution to the crisis that Azawad is going through." and that the movement was "a peaceful movement which does not demand the independence of a part of northern Mali and is against any idea of partition." He also stated the movement was for Malian unification, and against terrorism.[1]

Ag Intalla received the support from his father, prominent Ifoghas Tuareg amenukal Intalla Ag Attaher, who had previously left the MNLA to join the HCA. Ag Intalla's brother, Alghabass Ag Intalla, declared the dissolution of the MIA and joined the HCUA on May 19 as well.[2] That same day, the HCA met in Kidal, where Ag Attaher was appointed president of the HCA, and Mohammed was appointed secretary-general. The High Council of Azawad also rebranded to the High Council for the Unity of Azawad at the Kidal meeting.[3][4]

The MNLA did not criticize the founding of the HCUA, and offered its support to the group. On June 2, 2013, the two groups signed a memorandum of understanding during the Ouagadougou Accords.[5]

The military branch of the HCUA was led by

Algiers Agreement.[9]

Composition

The bulk of the HCUA is made of up Ifoghas Tuaregs and defectors from

MINUSMA estimated that HCUA had between 400 and 600 men.[12]

Deputies in the Malian parliament

During the 2013 Malian legislative elections, two members of HCUA were elected to the Malian parliament. Mohammed Ag Intalla was elected in Tin-Essako Cercle with 100% of the vote, although 86% were abstentions. Hamada Ag Bibi, the former spokesperson for Ansar Dine who later joined the MIA won 96.69% of the vote in Abeïbara Cercle, with 29% abstentions. Both Ag Bibi and Ag Intalla were under Rally for Mali.[13][14]

Actions

The HCUA participated in clashes in Takellote, Kidal Region in 2017 against the El Hadj Ag Gamou-led Imghad Tuareg Self-Defense Group and Allies.[15] In 2019, the HCUA launched an operation dubbed Acharouchou to secure Kidal Region. This was extended to Tombouctou Region later on.[16] Calm was observed in the regions under HCUA control.[16] In 2023, the HCUA participated in an attack on Malian forces in Taoussa.[17]

Alleged ties to JNIM and ISGS

In June 2016, French minister of defense Jean-Yves Le Drian criticized the HCUA's "double game", accusing the group of still having ties to Ansar Dine and Iyad Ag Ghaly.[18][19] The HCUA rebutted these statements, claiming to have broken ties with Ansar Dine.[20]

In an August 8, 2018 report, the United Nations accused

GATIA in Andéramboukane.[21] On December 20, 2018, Ag Rhissa was sanctioned, and banned from travelling outside of Mali.[22]

In September 2019, Niger accused the HCUA of participating in the Midal attack, the Baley Beri ambush, and the Inates attack. The HCUA denied all accusations.[23][24]

Despite accusations of ties to jihadist movements, HCUA has been the target of jihadist attacks. The most notable attack occurred in

AQIM.[25]

References

  1. ^ "Mali : des Touaregs créent un Haut conseil de l'Azawad pour négocier avec Bamako – Jeune Afrique". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  2. ^ "Mali: le Haut Conseil de l'Azawad met en place ses instances". RFI (in French). 2013-05-19. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  3. ^ "Azawad: le chef coutumier de l'Adrar des Ifoghas quitte le MNLA et rejoint le HCA". RFI (in French). 2013-05-19. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  4. ^ "Actualités". www.mnlamov.net. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  5. ^ "Le MNLA et le Haut conseil de l'Azawad s'unissent et veulent garder le contrôle de Kidal". France 24 (in French). 2013-06-02. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  6. ^ "Mali: trois groupes armés à Kidal acceptent un accord de cessez-le-feu". RFI (in French). 2014-05-23. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  7. ^ "Mali: le chef militaire de l'ex-rébellion tué par l'explosion d'une mine". Le Figaro (in French). 2016-10-08. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  8. ^ "Mali: le HCUA a désigné son nouveau chef après l'assassinat de Cheikh Ag Aoussa". RFI (in French). 2016-10-26. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  9. ^ "Alger: autorités et groupes armés maliens entament les discussions". RFI (in French). 2014-07-16. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  10. ^ "Mali : des djihadistes présents à Kidal ?". Le Point (in French). 2014-08-19. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  11. ^ "Nord du Mali : de l'irrédentisme touareg à la guerre tribale ? – Jeune Afrique". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  12. ^ "Mali : le business du cantonnement ? – Jeune Afrique". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  13. ^ "La carte des résultats du second tour des législatives au Mali". RFI (in French). 2013-12-19. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  14. ^ "aBamako.com | Elections Legislatives". www.abamako.com. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  15. ^ "Mali: lourd bilan des combats entre le Gatia et la CMA dans le nord du pays". RFI (in French). 2017-07-27. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  16. ^ a b "Au Mali, les anciens rebelles font la loi dans la région de Tombouctou". Le Monde.fr (in French). 2019-11-25. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  17. ^ "Mali: rebels claim capture of new army camp". Africanews. 2023-10-05. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  18. ^ "Mali : les rebelles du HCUA jouent "un double jeu", selon Paris". Voice of America (in French). 2016-06-09. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  19. ^ "Mali: l'armée française remet la pression sur les jihadistes dans le Nord". L'Express (in French). 2016-07-12. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  20. ^ mmaiga (2016-06-11). "Le HCUA demande à la France de revenir sur sa déclaration". Studio Tamani - Informations, débats, magazines : toute l’actualité du Mali, en 5 langues (in French). Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  21. ^ a b "Au Mali, des signataires de l'accord de paix accusés de terrorisme". Le Monde.fr (in French). 2018-08-28. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  22. ^ "Accord de paix: premières sanctions de l'ONU contre des Maliens". Le Figaro (in French). 2018-12-20. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  23. ^ "Mali: le Niger accuse des membres du HCUA de complicité avec les terroristes". RFI (in French). 2019-09-19. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  24. ^ "Crise malienne : le coup de semonce des pays voisins". Le Point (in French). 2019-09-22. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
  25. ^ "Mali : Recrudescence des abus commis par les groupes islamistes armés et du banditisme | Human Rights Watch" (in French). 2017-01-18. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
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