List of political ideologies
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power and to what ends it should be used. Some political parties follow a certain ideology very closely while others may take broad inspiration from a group of related ideologies without specifically embracing any one of them. An ideology's popularity is partly due to the influence of moral entrepreneurs
, who sometimes act in their own interests. Political ideologies have two dimensions: (1) goals: how society should be organized; and (2) methods: the most appropriate way to achieve this goal.
An ideology is a collection of ideas. Typically, each ideology contains certain ideas on what it considers to be the best
form of government (e.g. autocracy or democracy) and the best economic system (e.g. capitalism or socialism). The same word is sometimes used to identify both an ideology and one of its main ideas. For instance, socialism may refer to an economic system, or it may refer to an ideology that supports that economic system. The same term may also refer to multiple ideologies, which is why political scientists try to find consensus definitions for these terms. For example, while the terms have been conflated at times, communism has come in common parlance and in academics to refer to Soviet-type regimes and Marxist–Leninist ideologies, whereas socialism has come to refer to a wider range of differing ideologies which are most often distinct from Marxism–Leninism.[1]
Political ideology is a term fraught with problems, having been called "the most elusive concept in the whole of social science".[2] While ideologies tend to identify themselves by their position on the political spectrum (such as the left, the centre or the right), they can be distinguished from political strategies (e.g. populism as it is commonly defined) and from single issues around which a party may be built (e.g. civil libertarianism and support or opposition to European integration), although either of these may or may not be central to a particular ideology. Several studies show that political ideology is heritable within families.[3][4][5][6][7]
The following list is strictly alphabetical and attempts to divide the ideologies found in practical political life into several groups, with each group containing ideologies that are related to each other. The headers refer to the names of the best-known ideologies in each group. The names of the headers do not necessarily imply some hierarchical order or that one ideology evolved out of the other. Instead, they are merely noting that the ideologies in question are practically, historically, and ideologically related to each other. As such, one ideology can belong to several groups and there is sometimes considerable overlap between related ideologies. The meaning of a political label can also differ between countries and political parties often subscribe to a combination of ideologies.
Anarchism
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| Anarchism |
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- Political internationals
- Anarkismo (specifism)
- Informal Anarchist Federation (insurrectionary anarchism)
- International of Anarchist Federations (synthesis anarchism)
- revolutionary syndicalism)
- International Workers' Association (anarcho-syndicalism)
Classical
Post-classical
- Anarcha-feminism
- Anarchism without adjectives
- Anarcho-pacifism
- Anarcho-punk
- Green anarchism
- Anarcho-naturism
- Anarcho-primitivism
- Communalism
- Eco-communalism
- Libertarian municipalism
- Social ecology
- Veganarchism
- Insurrectionary anarchism
- Makhaevism
- Platformism
- Makhnovism
- Specifism
Contemporary
- Anarcho-transhumanism
- Black anarchism
- Free-market anarchism
- Post-anarchism
- Post-colonial anarchism
- Post-left anarchism
- Queer anarchism
Opposition
Religious variants
- Buddhist anarchism
- Christian anarchism
- Hindu anarchism
- Islamic anarchism
- Jewish anarchism
- Orthodox Jewish anarchism
Regional variants
African
American
Asian
European
Oceanian
Authoritarianism
General
- Absolute monarchism
- Autocracy
- Caudillismo
- Despotism
- Dictatorship
- Imperialism
- Kraterocracy
- Managerial state
- Ochlocracy
- Oligarchy
- One-party state
- Plutocracy
- Police state
- Soft authoritarianism
- Soft despotism
- Totalitarianism
- Transnational repression
Other
- Authoritarian capitalism
- Authoritarian socialism
- Authoritarian conservatism
- Fitzhughism
- Monarchism
- Authoritarian democracy
- Authoritarian populism
- Byzantinism
- Digital authoritarianism
- Ecoauthoritarianism
- Liberal autocracy
- Minoritarianism
- Neo-feudalism
- Far-right ultranationalist authoritarianism
Opposition
Religious variants
Regional variants
African
American
- Argentina
- Bolivia
- Brazil
- Chile
- Cuba
- Dominican Republic
- Guatemala
- Haiti
- Honduras
- Mexico
- Nicaragua
- Panama
- Paraguay
- United States
- Venezuela
Asian
European
Communitarianism
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| Communitarianism |
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General
Other
Regional variants
Communism
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| Communism |
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 Communism portal  Socialism portal |
- Political internationals
- Committee for a Workers' International (Trotskyism)
- Committee for Revolutionary International Regroupment (Trotskyism)
- Coordinating Committee for the Refoundation of the Fourth International (Trotskyism)
- Fourth International (Trotskyism)
- Fourth International (ICR) (Trotskyism)
- Fourth International (post-reunification) (Trotskyism)
- Fourth International Posadist (Trotskyism)
- International Bolshevik Tendency (Trotskyism)
- International Committee of the Fourth International (Trotskyism)
- International Communist Current (left communism)
- International Communist League (Fourth Internationalist) (Trotskyism)
- International Communist Party (left communism)
- International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (International Newsletter) (Maoism)
- International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle) (Hoxhaism)
- anti-revisionism)
- International League of Peoples' Struggle (Marxism–Leninism–Maoism)
- International Marxist Tendency (orthodox Trotskyism)
- International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties (Marxism–Leninism)
- International Revolutionary Left (Trotskyism)
- International Socialist Alternative (Trotskyism)
- International Socialist League (Trotskyism)
- International Socialist Tendency (unorthodox Trotskyism)
- International Workers League – Fourth International (Trotskyism)
- International Workers' Unity – Fourth International (Trotskyism)
- Internationalist Communist Tendency (left communism)
- Internationalist Communist Union (Trotskyism)
- League for the Fifth International (Trotskyism)
- League for the Fourth International (Trotskyism)
- Liaison Committee for the Reconstruction of the Fourth International (Trotskyism)
- Revolutionary Communist International (Trotskyism)
- Trotskyist Fraction – Fourth International (Trotskyism)
- United Secretariat of the Fourth International (Trotskyism)
- international socialism)
- Workers International to Rebuild the Fourth International (Trotskyism)
Authoritarian
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| Marxism–Leninism |
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- Barracks communism
- Nechayevshchina
- Blanquism
- Nechayevism
- Tkachevism
Leninism
- Democratic centralism
- Trotskyism
- Unorthodox Trotskyism
- Archeio-Marxism
- Pabloism
- Posadism
- Third camp Trotskyism
- Orthodox Trotskyism
- Unorthodox Trotskyism
- Vanguardism
- War communism
Marxism–Leninism
- Brezhnevism
- Castroism
- Ceaușism
- Dubčekism
- Gorbachevism
- Guevarism
- Ho Chi Minh Thought
- Hoxhaism
- Husakism
- Juche
- Kimilsungism
- Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism
- Songun
- Kadarism
- Khrushchevism
- Maoism
- Pol Potism
- Maoism–Third Worldism
- Third Worldism
- Third World socialism
- New Synthesis
- Mao-Spontex
- Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
- Socialism with Chinese characteristics
- Marxist–Leninist atheism
- Scientific communism
- Stalinism
- Anti-revisionism
- Neo-Stalinism
- Socialism in one country
- National communism
- National Bolshevism
- Socialist patriotism
- Soviet socialist patriotism
- Soviet nostalgia
- Soviet antisemitism
- Left-wing antisemitism
- Soviet anti-Zionism
- Titoism
- Đilasism
- Rankovićism
- Socialist nationalism
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