Hitler's Chancellery
Hitler's Chancellery, officially known as the Kanzlei des Führers der NSDAP ("Chancellery of the Führer of the Nazi Party"; abbreviated as KdF)[a] was a Nazi Party organization. Also known as the Privatkanzlei des Führers ("Private Chancellery of the Führer")[b] the agency served as the private chancellery of Adolf Hitler, handling different issues pertaining to matters such as complaints against party officials, appeals from party courts, official judgments, clemency petitions by NSDAP fellows and Hitler's personal affairs. The Chancellery of the Führer was also a key player in the Nazi euthanasia program.
Organization
The chancellery was established in November 1934 in
As chief of the KdF, Bouhler also held the rank of a Nazi Reichsleiter. He was appointed as chief on 17 November 1934 and held that position until 23 April 1945.[8] Hitler selected Bouhler for this role due to his intense loyalty and deferential nature. Bouhler was also known for his tenacious efficiency and ideological fanaticism.[9] In 1939, the KdF moved its seat close to the New Reich Chancellery building at Voßstraße No. 8. At this time, the KdF had twenty-six employees, which increased "five-fold by 1942."[9] Practically speaking, the KdF or "Chancellery of the Führer of the NSDAP" as Hitler biographer Ian Kershaw terms it, was originally designed to deal with correspondence between the Führer and Party officials, and so he could stay "in direct touch with the concerns of the people."[10] Much of the correspondence that came to the KdF consisted of "trivial complaints, petty grievances, and minor personal squabbles of Party members."[10] Bouhler's KdF worked in-tandem with the offices of Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels to "check Nazi Party publications for their ideological correctness."[11]
The KdF consisted of the following five main offices[12] (Hauptämter), all subordinated directly to Hitler:
- Hauptamt I: Privatkanzlei (Personal Affairs of the Führer); chief: Albert Bormann.
- Hauptamt II: Angelegenheiten betr. Staat und Partei (State and Party Affairs); chief: Viktor Brack.
- IIa: Stellvertretender Leiter des Hauptamtes II (Deputy chief Hauptamt II); head of section: Werner Blankenburg
- Hauptamt III: Gnadenamt für Parteiangelegenheiten (Pardon Office for Party Affairs); chief: Hubert Berkenkamp; later from 1941 forward: Kurt Giese.
- Hauptamt IV: Sozial- und Wirtschaftsangelegenheiten (Social and Economic Affairs); chief: Heinrich Cnyrim.
- Hauptamt V: Internes und Personal (Internal Affairs and Personnel Matters); chief: Herbert Jaensch.[12]
After 1941, Bouhler's influence and that of the KdF declined and he was largely disempowered by Martin Bormann.[13][14] Eventually the KdF was absorbed into the Reich Chancellery headed by Lammers during the war.[15]
Action T4
Hauptamt II officials under Viktor Brack played a vital role in organizing the killing of
In accordance with the Chancellery-directed plan, physicians were required to report any newborn with abnormalities or congenital defects to the local health department; doctors were likewise required to register children under three-years suffering from any such conditions.
Notes
- ^ Not to be confused with the Nazi leisure organization known as Strength Through Joy (Kraft durch Freude), which is also abbreviated KdF.
- ^ Some historians, such as Christopher Browning have also referred to this office as the Führer's Chancellery[1] the Party Chancellery[2] or Hitler's Chancellery[3] in the same book, which can create additional confusion.
References
Citations
- ^ Browning 2004, pp. 88, 192, 368.
- ^ Browning 2004, pp. 178, 185, 391, 411.
- ^ Browning 2004, p. 304.
- ^ McNab 2009, pp. 78–80.
- ^ Miller 2006, pp. 155, 157.
- ^ Merker 1972, p. 310.
- ^ a b Friedlander 1997, p. 40.
- ^ Miller 2006, p. 157.
- ^ a b Kershaw 2001, p. 258.
- ^ a b Kershaw 2001, p. 257.
- ^ Evans 2006, p. 253.
- ^ a b Friedlander 1997, p. 41.
- ^ Hamilton 1984, p. 251.
- ^ Zentner & Bedürftig 1991, p. 104.
- ^ Stackelberg 2007, p. 186.
- ^ Schafft 2004, pp. 159–163.
- ^ Hilberg 1985, pp. 225–226.
- ^ Schafft 2004, p. 160.
- ^ Proctor 1988, pp. 206–208.
- ^ Miller 2006, p. 158.
- ^ Childers 2017, p. 345.
- ^ Friedlander 1997, p. 44.
- ^ Schafft 2004, pp. 160–161.
- ^ Röder, Kubillus & Burwell 1995, p. 54.
- ^ Friedlander 1997, p. 73.
- ^ Fleming 1994, p. 20.
- ^ Friedlander 1997, pp. 190, 296–298.
Bibliography
- Browning, Christopher R. (2004). The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939 – March 1942. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-1327-1.
- Childers, Thomas (2017). The Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-45165-113-3.
- ISBN 978-0-14303-790-3.
- Fleming, Gerald (1994). Hitler and the Final Solution. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-06022-9.
- ISBN 978-0-8078-4675-9.
- Hamilton, Charles (1984). Leaders & Personalities of the Third Reich, Vol. 1. R. James Bender Publishing. ISBN 0-912138-27-0.
- Hilberg, Raul (1985). The Destruction of the European Jews. New York: Holmes & Meier. ISBN 0-8419-0910-5.
- ISBN 978-0-39332-252-1.
- McNab, Chris (2009). The Third Reich. Amber Books. ISBN 978-1-906626-51-8.
- Merker, Paul (1972). Deutschland-Sein oder Nicht-sein?. Vol. 2. Frankfurt am Main: Materialismus Verlag. OCLC 873886991.
- Miller, Michael (2006). Leaders of the SS and German Police, Vol. 1. R. James Bender Publishing. ISBN 978-9-3297-0037-2.
- Proctor, Robert (1988). Racial Hygiene: Medicine under the Nazis. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674745780.
- Röder, Thomas; Kubillus, Volker; Burwell, Anthony (1995). Psychiatrists–The Men Behind Hitler: The Architects of Horror. Los Angeles: Freedom Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9648909-1-6.
- Schafft, Gretchen E. (2004). From Racism to Genocide: Anthropology in the Third Reich. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-25207-453-0.
- Stackelberg, Roderick (2007). The Routledge Companion to Nazi Germany. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-41530-861-8.
- Zentner, Christian; Bedürftig, Friedemann (1991). ISBN 0-02-897500-6.