Hulwan (East Syriac ecclesiastical province)
The Metropolitanate of Hulwan was an
Background
A number of East Syriac dioceses in Iran existed by the beginning of the fifth century, but they were not grouped into a metropolitan province in 410. After establishing five metropolitan provinces in Mesopotamia, Canon XXI of the synod of Isaac provided that 'the bishops of the more remote dioceses of Fars, of the Islands, of Beth Madaye (Media), of Beth Raziqaye (Rai) and of the country of Abrshahr (Tus) must accept the definition established in this council at a later date'.[1]
By the end of the fifth century, there were at least three East Syriac dioceses in the Sassanian province of Media in western Iran. Hamadan (ancient Ecbatana) was the chief city of Media, and the Syriac name Beth Madaye (Media) was regularly used to refer to the East Syriac diocese of Hamadan as well as to the region as a whole. Although no East Syriac bishops of Beth Madaye are attested before 457, the reference to Beth Madaye in Canon XXI of the synod of Isaac probably indicates that the diocese of Hamadan was already in existence in 410. Bishops of Beth Madaye were present at most of the synods held between 486 and 605.[2] Two other dioceses in western Iran, Beth Lashpar (Hulwan) and Masabadan, seem also to have been established in the fifth century. A bishop of 'the deportation of Beth Lashpar' was present at the synod of Dadishoʿ in 424, and bishops of Beth Lashpar also attended the later synods of the fifth and sixth centuries.[3] Bishops of the nearby locality of Masabadan were present at the synod of Joseph in 554 and the synod of Ezekiel in 576.[4]
Because of its origins in a mass deportation of Roman Christians, the diocese of Hulwan was probably more populous than that of Hamadan during the late Sassanian period. Media became a metropolitan province of the Church of the East during the reign of Ishoʿyahb II (628–45), and its metropolitans sat at Hulwan rather than Hamadan.
In 893
The diocese of Hulwan
The bishop 'Hatita' 'of the deportation of Beth Lashpar' was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Dadishoʿ in 424.[7]
The bishop Brikhoï 'of Beth Lashpar' was one of eleven named bishops listed in the acts of the same synod as having been reproved at the synods of Isaac in 410 and Yahballaha I in 420.[8]
The bishop Nuh 'of Beth Lashpar' was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Acacius in 486.[9]
The priest and secretary Ahaï was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Babaï in 497, on behalf of the bishop Ahron 'of Beth Lashpar'.[10]
The bishop Pusaï 'of Hulwan' adhered by letter to the acts of the synod of Joseph in 554.[11]
The bishop Shubha 'of Beth Lashpar' was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Ezekiel in 576.[12]
The bishop Bar Nun 'of Hulwan' was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Ishoʿyahb I in 585.[13]
The bishop
The metropolitan Surin of Hulwan was abusively consecrated patriarch in 751/2.[15]
The bishop Stephen was appointed for Hulwan by the patriarch Sargis (860–72).[16]
The bishop Ishoʿyahb of Susa was appointed metropolitan of Hulwan by the patriarch Yohannan III immediately after his consecration on 15 July 893.[17]
The metropolitan Yohannan of Hulwan was one of three metropolitans who were present at the consecration of the patriarch
The metropolitan Yohannan of Hulwan, probably the same man, was present at the consecration of the patriarch Mari on 10 April 987.[19]
The metropolitan Ishoʿdad of Hulwan was one of only two metropolitans present at the consecration of the patriarch
The metropolitan Mari 'of Fars', originally bishop of Dinawar, was metropolitan 'in the city of Hulwan' when Elijah of Nisibis completed his Chronography in 1018/19.[21]
The metropolitan ʿAbd al-Masih 'of Hulwan and Rai' was present at the consecration of the patriarch ʿAbdishoʿ II in 1074, and died at an unknown date during his reign.[22]
The metropolitan Yohannan of Hulwan was present at the consecration of the patriarch Makkikha I in 1092.[23]
The metropolitan Yohannan of Hulwan, possibly the same man, was present at the consecration of the patriarch Eliya II in 1111.[24]
The patriarch Eliya II (1111–32) transferred an unnamed metropolitan of Hulwan to the metropolitan diocese of Egypt.[25]
The diocese of Beth Madaye (Hamadan)
The bishop Abraham of 'Madaï' was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Acacius in 486.[26]
The bishop Babaï of 'Madaï' was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Babaï in 497.[27]
The bishop Acacius of 'Madaï' was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Joseph in 554, and the bishop 'Auban' 'of Hamadan' (possibly a different diocese) adhered by letter to the acts of the same synod.[28]
The bishop Yazdkwast of Beth Madaye was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Gregory in 605.[29]
The bishop Abraham of Hamadan was transferred to the diocese of
The diocese of Masabadan
The bishop Denha of Masabadan was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Joseph in 554.[31]
The bishop Shubha of Masabadan was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of Ezekiel in 576.[32]
The diocese of Dinawar
The bishop Mari 'of Fars', metropolitan of Hulwan when Eliya Bar Shinaya completed his Chronography in 1018/19, was formerly bishop of Dinawar.[33]
The diocese of Nihawand
The bishop Sabrishoʿ of Nihawand was among the signatories of the acts of the synod of
References
Citations
- ^ Chabot, 273
- ^ Chabot, 306, 316, 366 and 479
- ^ Chabot, 285, 287, 307, 315, 366, 368, 423 and 479
- ^ Chabot, 366 and 368
- ^ Assemani, BO, ii. 485–9
- ^ Fiey, POCN, 99
- ^ Chabot, 285
- ^ Chabot, 287
- ^ Chabot, 307
- ^ Chabot, 315
- ^ Chabot, 366
- ^ Chabot, 368
- ^ Chabot, 423
- ^ Chabot, 479
- ^ Elijah of Nisibis, Chronography, i. 31.
- ^ Sliba, 73 (Arabic)
- ^ Sliba, 80 (Arabic)
- ^ Mari, 99 (Arabic), 88 (Latin)
- ^ Sliba, 94 (Arabic)
- ^ Eliya of Nisibis, Chronography, i. 34, 100 and 105
- ^ Elijah of Nisibis, Chronography, i. 35.
- ^ Mari, 130 (Arabic), 114 (Latin)
- ^ Mari, 138 (Arabic), 118 (Latin)
- ^ Mari, 152 (Arabic), 129 (Latin)
- ^ Mari, 153 (Arabic), 130 (Latin)
- ^ Chabot, 306
- ^ Chabot, 316
- ^ Chabot, 366
- ^ Chabot, 479
- ^ Mari, 103 (Arabic), 91 (Latin)
- ^ Chabot, 366
- ^ Chabot, 368
- ^ Eliya of Nisibis, Chronography, i. 35
- ^ Chabot, 608
Bibliography
- Assemani, Giuseppe Luigi (1775). De catholicis seu patriarchis Chaldaeorum et Nestorianorum commentarius historico-chronologicus. Roma.
- Assemani, J. S., Bibliotheca Orientalis Clementino-Vaticana (4 vols, Rome, 1719–28)
- Brooks, E. W., Eliae Metropolitae Nisibeni Opus Chronologicum (Rome, 1910)
- Chabot, Jean-Baptiste (1902). Synodicon orientale ou recueil de synodes nestoriens (PDF). Paris: Imprimerie Nationale.
- Fiey, J. M., Assyrie chrétienne (3 vols, Beirut, 1962)
- ISBN 9780860780519.
- ISBN 9783515057189.
- Wallis Budge, E. A., The Book of Governors: The Historia Monastica of Thomas, Bishop of Marga, AD 840 (London, 1893)
- Wallis Budge, E. A., The Monks of Kublai Khan (London, 1928)
- Wilmshurst, David (2000). The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318–1913. Louvain: Peeters Publishers. ISBN 9789042908765.
- Wilmshurst, David (2011). The martyred Church: A History of the Church of the East. London: East & West Publishing Limited. ISBN 9781907318047.