Hypogene

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In

primary minerals, as opposed to supergene processes that occur at or near the surface, and tend to form secondary minerals.[1]

At great depth the pressure is high, and water can remain liquid at temperatures well above 100 °C. Hot aqueous solutions originating from

metamorphic rocks. Hypogene deposition processes include crystallization from the hot aqueous solutions flowing through the Earth's crust, driven by temperature and pressure gradients, as well as topographic, orogenic, and structural changes and/or controls.[2]

Major dissolved components are

anion.[3]

As the solutions rise the temperature and pressure fall. Eventually a point is reached where the minerals start to crystallise out.

sulfosalt minerals.[3]
Examples of primary minerals formed in this way include the sulfide minerals pyrite (FeS2), galena (PbS), sphalerite (ZnS), and chalcopyrite (CuFeS2).

Etymology

The word hypogene is derived from the Greek roots hypo- (ὑπο-) meaning 'under' and -gene (-γενής) meaning 'born' or 'produced'. The terms hypogene and supergene refer to the depth at which they occur.

See also

References

  1. S2CID 128609800
    . Retrieved August 18, 2012.
  2. ^ a b The Encyclopedia of Gemstones and Minerals (1991). Martin Holden. Publisher: Facts on File
  3. ^ a b Understanding Mineral Deposits (2000). Kula C Misra. Kluwer Academic Publishers


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