Imitation of sounds in shamanism
Shamanism in various cultures shows great diversity.[1] In some cultures, shamanic music may intentionally mimic natural sounds, sometimes with onomatopoeia.[2] Imitation of natural sounds may also serve other functions not necessarily related to shamanism, such as luring in the hunt;[3] and entertainment (katajjaqs of the Inuit).[3][4]
Localities
Sami
This holds e. g. for
Several characteristics of yoiks can be explained through comparing the concepts of musical ideals as observed in yoiks with the ideals of other cultures. Some yoiks intend to mimic natural sounds.[9][10] This can be contrasted with bel canto, which intends to exploit the human speech organs on the highest level to achieve a nearly "superhuman" sound.[10]
Siberia
Shamanism in Siberia is far from being homogeneous. In some of the various cultures there, mimicking natural sounds can be present: some instances of overtone singing, and also certain shamanic songs of some cultures can be examples.
Samoyedic
The seances of Nganasan shamans were accompanied by women imitating the sounds of a reindeer calf, (thought to provide fertility for women).[11] In 1931, A. Popov observed the Nganasan shaman Dyukhade Kosterkin imitating the sound of a polar bear in order to spiritually transform into one.[12]
Obi-Ugric
A Russian traveler described a
Altai
Among several peoples near the
In a
Notes
- ^ Hoppál 2005: 15
- ^ Hoppál 2006: 143 Archived 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Nattiez: 5
- ^ Deschênes 2002
- ^ Voigt 1966: 296
- ^ Szomjas-Schiffert 1996: 56, 76
- ^ Voigt 1966: 145
- ^ Szomjas-Schiffert 1996: 64
- ^ Somby 1995
- ^ a b Szomjas-Schiffert 1996: 74
- ^ Hoppál 2005: 92
- ^ Lintrop
- ^ Vitebsky 1996: 89
- ^ Eliade 2001: 164 (= Chpt 5 discussing the symbolics of shamanic drum and costume, the subsection about the drum)
- ^ Diószegi 1960: 203
References
- Deschênes, Bruno (2002). "Inuit Throat-Singing". Musical Traditions. The Magazine for Traditional Music Throughout the World.
- Diószegi, Vilmos (1960). Sámánok nyomában Szibéria földjén. Egy néprajzi kutatóút története. Terebess Ázsia E-Tár (in Hungarian). Budapest: Magvető Könyvkiadó.
- This book has been translated to English: Diószegi, Vilmos (1968). Tracing shamans in Siberia. The story of an ethnographical research expedition. Translated from Hungarian by Anita Rajkay Babó. Oosterhout: Anthropological Publications.
- Eliade, Mircea (1983). Le chamanisme et les techniques archaïques de'l extase (in French). Paris: Éditions Payot.
- This book has been translated to Hungarian: ISBN 963-379-755-1.
- This book has been translated to Hungarian:
- Hoppál, Mihály (2005). Sámánok Eurázsiában [Shamans in Eurasia] (in Hungarian). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. ISBN 963-05-8295-3.
- This book is published also in German, Estonian and Finnish. Site of publisher with short description on the book (in Hungarian) Archived 2010-01-02 at the Wayback Machine.
- Hoppál, Mihály (2006). "Music of Shamanic Healing" (PDF). In Kilger, Gerhard (ed.). Macht Musik. Musik als Glück und Nutzen für das Leben. Köln: Wienand Verlag. ISBN 3-87909-865-4. Archived from the original(PDF) on 8 October 2007.
- Lintrop, Aarno. "The Clean Tent Rite". Studies in Siberian shamanism and religions of the Finno-Ugric peoples.
- OCLC 892647446.)
{{cite AV media}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link- These songs are available online from the ethnopoetics website curated by Jerome Rothenberg.
- Somby, Ánde (1995). "Joik and the theory of knowledge". Archived from the original on 2008-03-25.
- Szomjas-Schiffert, György (1996). Lapp sámánok énekes hagyománya • Singing tradition of Lapp shamans (in Hungarian and English). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. ISBN 963-05-6940-X.
- Vitebsky, Piers (1995). The shaman: voyages of the soul trance, ecstasy and healing from Siberia to the Amazon. Living Wisdom. Duncan Baird. ISBN 9781903296189.
- Translated into Hungarian: ISBN 963-208-361-X.
- Translated into Hungarian:
- Voigt, Vilmos (1966). A varázsdob és a látó asszonyok. Lapp népmesék [The magic drum and the clairvoyant women. Sami folktales]. Népek meséi (Folktales) (in Hungarian). Budapest: Európa Könyvkiadó.
Further reading
- Hoppál, Mihály (2006). "Music of Shamanic Healing". In Gerhard Kilger (ed.). Macht Musik. Musik als Glück und Nutzen für das Leben. Köln: Wienand Verlag. ISBN 3-87909-865-4. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2012-12-17. Retrieved 2012-05-08.
- Mamcheva, Natalia (2004). "Aspects of the Music of the Nivkhs". Pacific Rim Music Festival, Ancient Sakhalin in Music, Song and Dance. Ensemble XXI. Translated from Russian by Lygia O'Riordan.
- Stutley, Margaret (2002). "Evenki shamaness". Shamanism. An Introduction. Routledge. pp. 23–24. ISBN 9780415273183.