Inter City Firm

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Inter City Firm
organised crime

The Inter City Firm (ICF) is an English football hooligan firm associated with West Ham United, which was mainly active in the 1970s, 1980s and early 1990s. The name came from the use of InterCity trains to travel to away games.[1] They were the subject of a 1985 Thames Television documentary, Hooligan.[2][3]

History

The firm formed out of a number of other West Ham groups, including the Mile End Boys and Essex East London Firm. ICF formed in the 1977/78 season.[4]

The most notable figure associated with the ICF is

right-wing.[4] Bill Gardner
, a member of the Mile End Boys, appears on the front-cover of the original print of the book.

selling drugs and extorting drug dealers. Tate, Tucker and Rolfe met a brutal end in the Rettendon murders in Essex
.

ICF calling card, 1980s

The ICF pioneered calling cards that were left on victims.[5] They read "Congratulations, you have just met the ICF".[6] Calling cards would also become popular at other football clubs.

In the very late 1980s, the ICF was regularly linked to the

UK pirate radio station Centreforce
through its founder Andy Swallow. Swallow was a one-time member of the Essex East London Firm also.

The ICF again came to prominence in 2018 when former members re-grouped as the Real West Ham Fans Action Group, organising protests against the club board.[7][8]

In popular culture

The ICF were the basis of

The Firm. Gary Oldman plays Bex Bissell, the leader of the ICC - Inter City Crew. Members of the ICF were used as consultants on the film.[1] The 2005 film Green Street (and its sequels) are also based on the ICF, but instead the initials GSE ('Green Street Elite') were used. The ICF make an appearance in Irvine Welsh's novellas Ecstasy: Three Tales of Chemical Romance
.

Further reading

References

  1. ^ a b Haley, A.J. (2001). "British Soccer Superhooligans, Emergence and Establishment: 1982-2000". The Sport Journal. 4. United States Sports Academy. Archived from the original on 2007-06-15.
  2. BFI. Archived from the original
    on January 31, 2021.
  3. ^ "Hooligan (TV Movie 1985)". IMDb.
  4. ^
    ISBN 978-1-904034-85-8
    .
  5. ^ "Violence at West Ham is proof that hooliganism has never gone away". The Times. 27 August 2009.
  6. ^ "Come and have a go if you think you're cool enough". Evening Standard. 13 April 2012.
  7. ^ Miguel Delaney (7 March 2018). "Why are West Ham's board holding meetings with self-professed hooligans?". The Independent.
  8. ^ Ken Dyer (8 March 2018). "West Ham distance themselves from notorious fan group founded by Inter-City Firm members". Evening Standard.
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