Interzonal traffic
Inter-zonal traffic was the cross-border traffic between the
History
Following the military occupation of Germany in May 1945, civilians were initially only allowed to leave their place of residence or its immediate vicinity with a permit from the garrison authority of their zone. By June 1945, the
On June 30, 1946, the boundary between the Soviet garrison zone and the Western garrison zones (the American, British and French zones) was blocked. The Soviet military administration in Germany (SMAD) had previously asked the Allies to secure the line of demarcation to the Western zones. A special
The passport was valid for 30 days and only valid for travel between zones within Germany. On July 23, 1946, all restrictions on travel between the British and the American garrison zone were canceled (in preparation for the
As of November 14, 1953, the
Once the Berlin Wall was built, it became yet substantially more difficult to obtain a departure permit. Except for business trips, only pensioners with family matters to attend to were able to travel into the West and only for a limited amount of time.
Trains
On August 5, 1945, the first goods train went out of the
Berlin blockade
The railroad traffic between Berlin and the Western zones was interrupted between April 22, 1948, and May 12, 1949, allegedly due to structural work, but in fact because of the Berlin Blockade crisis. Because the single express train route in inter-zonal traffic (FD 111/112) between Cologne and Berlin was permanently overburdened, five additional express train routes started to run over the German domestic boundary on September 10, 1949:
- FD 1/2 between Berlin and Frankfurt am Main
- FD 63/64 between Berlin and Hamburg
- FDt 65/66 as an express train between Berlin and Hamburg
- FD 109/110 as a second train route between Berlin and Cologne
- FD 149/150 between Berlin and Munich
Road traffic
On August 25, 1946, an inter-zones bus connection was opened between Berlin and Hanover. However the bus traffic was interrupted again and again through political crises. For example, the Erfurt transport company had to stop interzone bus transport, which was also used to obtain spare parts, in 1953.
Air traffic
There was no regular air traffic between the Western zones and the Soviet garrison zone. The first domestic air route was only set up by Lufthansa on August 10, 1989, between Frankfurt am Main and Leipzig. However, several foreign airlines (notably Pan Am and Air Berlin) were permitted to provide service (called Inter-German Service) between West Berlin and several West German cities.