Invitation Homes
CFO) | |
Products | Leasehold estates |
---|---|
Revenue | US$1.997 billion (2021) |
US$261.4 million (2021) | |
Total assets | US$18.54 billion (2021) |
Total equity | US$9.798 billion (2021) |
Number of employees | 1,240 (December 2021) |
Website | invitationhomes |
Footnotes / references [1] |
Invitation Homes Inc. is a public company traded on the New York Stock Exchange. It is headquartered in the Comerica Bank Tower in Dallas, Texas.[2] Dallas B. Tanner is chief executive officer. As of 2017, the company was reportedly the largest owner of single-family rental homes in the United States.[2] As of December 2022, the company owned about 83,000 rental homes in 16 markets.[3]
History
2005–2012: Background and formation
In 2005, entrepreneur Dallas Tanner and several others formed the housing and apartment investment company Treehouse Group in Arizona.[4] Between 2010 and 2011, it bought 1,000 distressed houses in Phoenix, Arizona, a city heavily impacted by foreclosures caused by the subprime mortgage crisis[2] and one of the first areas where private equity investor purchases of homes for rent took place after the Great Recession.[5]
In 2011, Treehouse merged with the
2012–2017: Initial purchases
Invitation Homes' first home purchase was in April 2012,[2] and within a year the company had spent $4 billion on 24,000 homes in the United States, becoming the largest buyer of homes for rent in the United States; section 8 properties made up 16% of the portfolio.[6] In April 2013, it made a $100-million-plus purchase of 1,400 Atlanta homes from Building and Land Technology.[6]
From August 2012 to June 2013, Invitation Homes purchased 1,650 homes in the
At the time, corporate home owners like Invitation Homes were purchasing houses in "strike zones," neighborhoods located near several jobs, schools, and transportation systems that were also facing high amounts of foreclosures, and rented them to middle-aged parents raising children making around $100,000 a year or more.[8]
In 2013, Invitation Homes created an
In 2016, Invitation Homes instituted its "Resident First Look" program where some renters would be given an option to purchase the homes they rent.[9]
2017–present: Initial public offering and merger
By January 2017, nearly $10 billion of the company's SFR bonds were sold[10] a number that went to $15 billion in July 2018.[8] On January 23, 2017, Fannie Mae funded $1 billion of debt to Invitation Homes as back-up money; four years prior, Fannie stopped another government-sponsored entity buying distressed homes, and Fannie's acquisition with the Blackstone entity was the first time in history it backstopped a single-family house landlord company.[10] According to Corinne Russell, spokesperson of Fannie Mae regulator Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), the deal was a way for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to learn about the mechanics of the single-family rent market and what the government enterprises' role should be in it.[8] The decision received criticism from more than 25 affordable-housing advocate groups, who believed Fannie Mae wasn't following its principle of protecting home owners.[8] In February, Invitation Homes became a public company via an initial public offering, the second-largest initial public offering of a real estate investment trust in the United States with $1.77 billion.[2] In November 2017, Invitation Homes merged with Starwood Waypoint, a corporate spin-off of Starwood Capital Group, the resulting company will be known as Invitation Homes.[2][11]
In November 2019, Blackstone divested its share of Invitation Homes.[12][13]
In October 2020, Invitation Homes created a joint venture with Rockpoint Group to purchase $1 billion in single-family homes in Dallas, Seattle, South Florida and other U.S. markets.[14]
In July 2021, the company launched a joint venture with
Business model
As of 2017, the company was reportedly the largest owner of single-family rental homes in the United States.[2] As of December 2022, the company owned about 83,000 rental homes in 16 markets.[3] The Wall Street Journal described Invitation Homes as competing "at the high end of the rental market". Tenants are typically in their late-30s with children and household income of approximately $100,000.[13]
Criticism
Wall Street companies in the rent industry, especially Invitation Homes, have garnered strong backlash from real estate experts and affordable-housing activists for taking advantage of tenants to fulfill investors' pockets; the primary argument is that the corporations are incentivized to keep repair costs low and fees and rent prices high in order to increase bond sales that determine their scale.[8] California Reinvestment Coalition's Kevin Stein derogatorily labeled the business model "securitization of rental income."[8]
An analysis of
A December 2016 Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta study stated Wall Street rent corporations evicted tenants significantly more than regular mom-and-pop landlords; it reported Invitation Homes evicting 15% of its renters, and the entity it would later merge with, Starwood Waypoint, 30%, and stated being African-American also increased chances of being evicted if under a company like Invitation Homes.[8]
Complaints and horror stories from Invitation Homes' customers have been covered on publications and news stations such as
Invitation Homes has faced several lawsuits from courts throughout the country.
Staff of Invitation Homes has responded to the criticisms, including chief operating officer Charles Young who in July 2018 stated the company had an average rating of 4.32 stars out of five from tenant surveys it ran.[8]
Despite Congress passing legislation banning
One of the single-family securities looked at by Reuters contained 7,024 houses, each of which was making the entity an average rent of $1,538 a month and $985 a year for other fees.[8] Reuters also interviewed five Invitation Homes ex-employees that stated the company spent too little on repairs; the bond data showed it spent a per-house annual average of $1,142 on maintenance, less than the typical $3,100 average most Americans spend for the same services, although the entity responded that the $750 spent on system back-up costs wasn't shown.[8]
See also
References
- ^ "Invitation Homes Inc. 2021 Form 10-K Annual Report". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. February 22, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Curry, Kerry (April 2018). "Invitation to a Housing Revolution". D Magazine.
- ^ a b "Social Responsibility". Invitation Homes Sustainability.
- ^ "After the 2008 housing crisis, a lot of people made big money buying up foreclosed homes and renting them out — and it shows one response to a financial crash". Business Insider. August 4, 2020. Retrieved October 21, 2021.
- ^ a b c Reagor, Catherine; Sanders, Rebekah (August 15, 2018). "'Stay away': Arizona families share horror stories of one of Arizona's largest landlords". The Arizona Republic.
- ^ a b Gittelsohn, John (April 25, 2013). "Blackstone Buys Atlanta Homes in Largest Rental Trade". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on December 7, 2013.
- ^ a b Harwell, Drew (June 22, 2013). "Investors still gobbling up thousands of Tampa Bay homes to rent out". Tampa Bay Times. Archived from the original on March 4, 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Conlin, Michelle (July 27, 2018). "Spiders, sewage and a flurry of fees – the other side of renting a house from Wall Street". Reuters.
- Sacramento Business Journal. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
- ^ a b Dezember, Ryan (January 24, 2017). "Blackstone wins Fannie's backing for rental homes". MarketWatch.
- ^ "Invitation Homes, Starwood Waypoint Homes merge to create largest single-family landlord". HousingWire. November 16, 2017. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
- ^ Lane, Ben (November 22, 2019). "Blackstone cashes out on Invitation Homes". HousingWire. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
- ^ a b Dezember, Ryan (November 21, 2019). "Blackstone Moves Out of Rental-Home Wager With a Big Gain". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
- Dallas Morning News. Retrieved May 5, 2021.
- Dallas Morning News. Retrieved September 1, 2021.
- ^ Murphy, Adam (October 30, 2018). "Tornado damaged home causes health issues". WGCL-TV. Archived from the original on October 31, 2018.
- ^ CBS Sacramento. Archived from the originalon January 22, 2018.
- ^ Kraus, Jennifer (February 4, 2019). "Former tenants share horror stories of renting from real estate investment firm Invitation Homes". WTVF. Archived from the original on May 20, 2020.
External links
- Official website
- Business data for Invitation Homes Inc.: