Iroha Jiruishō
The Iroha Jiruishō (色葉字類抄 or 伊呂波字類抄, "Characters classified in iroha order and annotated") is a 12th-century
The Iroha Jiruishō has a complex history (see Okimori 1996:8-11) involving editions of two, three, and ten
The main character entries are annotated with
The Iroha jiruishō inventively groups entries by their first mora into 47 phonetic sections (部門) like i (伊), ro (呂), and ha (波); each subdivided into 21 semantic headings shown in the table below.
Heading | Rōmaji
|
Kanji | Subject |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Tenshō | 天象 | astronomical phenomena, seasons |
2 | Chigi | 地儀 | geographical features, dwellings |
3 | Shokubutsu | 植物 | trees, plants |
4 | Dōbutsu | 動物 | animals |
5 | Jinrin | 人倫 | human relations, moral questions |
6 | Jintai | 人体 | human anatomy, body parts |
7 | Jinji | 人事 | human affairs |
8 | Inshoku | 飲食 | foods, drinks |
9 | Zatsubutsu | 雑物 | miscellaneous things |
10 | Kōsai | 光彩 | colors, brilliance |
11 | Hōgaku | 方角 | directions, points of the compass |
12 | Inzū | 員数 | numbers |
13 | Jiji | 辞字 | miscellaneous 1-character words |
14 | Jūten | 重点 | reduplicative compounds |
15 | Jōji | 畳字 | synonym compounds |
16 | Shosha | 諸社 | shrines (Shintō) |
17 | Shoji | 諸寺 | temples (Buddhist) |
18 | Kokugun | 国郡 | administrative and political divisions |
19 | Kanshoku | 官職 | official titles and ranks |
20 | Seishi | 姓氏 | surnames, clan names |
21 | Myōji | 名字 | names |
Most of these 21 headings are self-explanatory semantic fields, with the exceptions of 13 Jiji for miscellaneous words written with a single character, 14 Jūten reduplicative compounds (e.g., ji-ji 時時, literally "time time", "at times, occasionally"), and 15 Jōji synonym compounds (e.g., kanryaku 簡略, literally "simple simple", "simplicity, conciseness"). These 21 Iroha jiruishō headings can be compared with the 24 used two centuries earlier in the Wamyō Ruijushō.
Unlike all the other major Heian Japanese dictionaries that followed Chinese dictionary traditions, the Iroha Jiruishō's phonetic ordering can undoubtedly be interpreted, says Don C. Bailey (1960:16), "as a sign of increasing independence from Chinese cultural influences." Most subsequent Japanese dictionaries, excepting kanji ones, were internally organized by pronunciation.
References
This article includes a improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (May 2015) ) |
- Bailey, Don Clifford. (1960). "Early Japanese Lexicography". Monumenta Nipponica 16:1-52.
- Nakada Norio 中田祝夫, ed. (1977). Iroha jirui shō kenkyū narabini sōgō sakuin (色葉字類抄研究並びに總合索引 "Research and a General Index for the Iroha Jiruishō). Tokyo : Kazama Shobō.
- Kaneko Akira 金子彰. (1996). "色葉字類抄・伊呂波字類抄 (Iroha Jiruishō)". In Nihon jisho jiten 日本辞書辞典 (The Encyclopedia of Dictionaries Published in Japan), Okimori Takuya 沖森卓也, et al., eds., pp. 8-11. Tokyo: Ōfū. ISBN 4-273-02890-5
External links
- 色葉字類抄, online JPEG Iroha Jiruishō edition, Kyoto University Library
- Manuscript scan at Waseda University Library: 1827