Dai Kan-Wa Jiten
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The Dai Kan-Wa Jiten (大漢和辞典, "The Great Chinese–Japanese Dictionary") is a
History
Tetsuji Morohashi was originally motivated to create a dictionary in 1917 when he went to China to study Chinese. Trying to look up words in the largest available
In 1925, Ippei Suzuki (鈴木 一平), president of the Taishukan publishing house, requested Morohashi to edit a comprehensive kanji dictionary of an unprecedented scale. In order to print this giant
First edition
The original (1955–1960) Dai Kan-Wa Jiten has 13 volumes totaling 13,757 pages, and includes 49,964 head entries for characters, with over 370,000 words and phrases. This unabridged dictionary, often called the Morohashi in English, focuses upon
This is the format for main character entries:
- Pronunciations, in Wade-Giles romanization. Volume 1 contains Hanrei (凡例, "Introductory Remarks") and a comprehensive chart comparing the Zhuyin, Wade-Giles, and Pinyinsystems for every phoneme used in modern Chinese.
- 10,000 Seal script characters, plus other variant written forms.
- Meanings, diachronically arranged by earliest citations. Usage examples are given from numerous classical texts and Chinese dictionaries.
- Character etymologies are occasionally included. These are not instances of word etymology as the term is understood in comparative linguistics, but character analysis, as originated by the Shuowen Jiezi.
- 2,300 Illustrations are included where useful, often copied from sources like the 1609 Sancai Tuhui.
One archaism of the first edition is giving Japanese pronunciations of characters in
Each individual volume has a
Volume 13 contains four indices to the dictionary, which cite volume and page numbers for each character.
- The Sōkaku sakuin (総画索引, "Total Stroke Count Index") divides characters by overall stroke count (1-64), subdivided by radicals.
- The Jion sakuin (字音索引, "Sino-Japanese Reading Index") arranges characters by their borrowed Chinese pronunciations (on'yomi), then by stroke count.
- The Jikun sakuin (字訓索引, "Japanese Reading Index") arranges characters by their native Japanese pronunciations (kun'yomi), and further by stroke count.
- The Shikaku gōma sakuin (四角號碼索引, "Four corner methodIndex") organizes characters using a complex Chinese system of four-digit numbers (0000-9999), plus an optional extra number, then subdivided by the number of strokes.
Volume 13 also contains a Hoi (補遺, "Appendix") listing 1,062 Chinese characters that the dictionary uses in definitions but does not include as main entries, plus the official 1,850 Japanese
Supplemental volumes
Since the death of Tetsuji Morohashi in 1982 at the age of 99, Taishukan has published two Dai Kan-Wa Jiten augmentations that amount to Volumes 14 and 15.
The 1990 Goi sakuin (語彙索引, "Vocabulary Index") allows searching for words in Morohashi by their pronunciation in modern kana spelling, instead of the historical system used in Volumes 1-13. This index comprehensively lists every compound word listed in the main dictionary, including terms, phrases, and
The 2000 Hokan (補巻, "Supplemental Volume") adds some 800 main character entries, approximately 33,000 new vocabulary terms, novel readings of characters, variant characters, etc. This last volume includes four types of character indexes. Like the "Vocabulary Index", this supplement uses standard modern kana but also provides the historical equivalents.
Other editions
The (1962–1968) Zhongwen Da Cidian, sometimes called the Chinese Morohashi, is very similar in structure to Dai Kan-Wa Jiten and was one of the most comprehensive Chinese dictionaries available until 1993.
In 1982, Taishukan published an abridged "family edition" of the Dai Kan-Wa Jiten. Their four-volume Kō Kan-Wa Jiten (広漢和辞典, "Extensive Chinese–Japanese Dictionary") enters 20,769 characters and some 120,000 words. It adds early
Kida Jun'ichirō wrote a Japanese book (1986) about the Dai Kan-Wa Jiten, and edited another (1994) about lexicographers that discusses Morohashi's contributions (chap. 4) and Ishii's creation of characters (chap. 11).
In November 2018, Taishukan released an electronic edition of Dai Kan-Wa Jiten (for Windows PCs).[1][2]
See also
- Han-Han Dae Sajeon
- Hanyu Da Cidian
- Hanyu Da Zidian
- Kangxi Dictionary
- Zhonghua Da Zidian
- Zhongwen Da Cidian
References
- Kamata Tadashi 鎌田正, and Yoneyama Toratarō 米山寅太郎, eds. Dai kanwa Jiten hokan 大漢和辞典補巻 ("Supplemental Volume to the Dai Kan-Wa Jiten). 2000. Tokyo: Taishukan. (in Japanese)
- Kida Jun'ichirō 紀田順一郎. Dai Kan-Wa Jiten o yomu 大漢和辞典を読む ("On Reading the Dai Kan-Wa Jiten"). 1986. Tokyo: Taishukan. (in Japanese)
- Kida Jun'ichirō, ed. Nihongo Daihakubutsukan – Akuma no moji to tatakatta hito-bito 日本語大博物館—悪魔の文字と闘った人々 ("Museum of Japanese – the people who battled the devil's characters"). 1994. Tokyo: Just System ジャストシステム. ISBN 4-88309-046-9(in Japanese)
- Morohashi Tetsuji 諸橋轍次, chief ed. Dai Kan-Wa Jiten 大漢和辞典 ("Comprehensive Chinese–Japanese Dictionary"). 13 vols. 1955–1960. Revised and enlarged ed. 1984–1986. Tokyo: Taishukan. (in Japanese)
- Morohashi Tetsuji, Kamata Tadashi, and Yoneyama Toratarō, eds. Kō Kan-Wa Jiten 広漢和辞典 ("Extensive Chinese–Japanese Dictionary"). 4 vols. 1982. Tokyo: Taishukan; reprint 2000; ISBN 9784469031584. (in Japanese)
- Shirane, Haruo. "Bibliography for Research in Japanese Literature." 2003. New York: Columbia University.
- Tōyō Gakujutsu Kenkyujo 東洋学術研究所, eds. Dai kanwa Jiten: goi sakuin 大漢和辞典語彙索引 ("Vocabulary Index to the Dai Kan-Wa Jiten"). 1990. Tokyo: Taishukan. (in Japanese)
- Wilkinson, Endymion. Chinese History: a manual. Revised and enlarged ed. 2000. Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center. ISBN 0-674-00249-0
- ^ "「大漢和辞典」ついに!デジタル化" [Dai Kan-Wa Jiten finally digitized!]. Kyodo News (in Japanese). 2018-10-25. Retrieved 2020-01-23.
- ^ "大漢和辞典デジタル版" [Dai Kan-wa Jiten Digital Edition]. Taishukan (in Japanese). 2019-04-01. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
External links
- Taishukan's Daikanwa Jiten page (in Japanese)