Israel Dammon trial
The Israel Dammon trial was a
The Event
That snowy, Saturday evening of 15 Feb 1845, most of the 50-60 attendees at Ayer's farmhouse were Millerite Adventists who, less than four months earlier, had experienced disappointment that Jesus had not returned to earth, as they had anticipated. Elder Dammon, a former sea captain from Exeter, presided at the event, that featured two young, female visionaries, Dorinda Baker of Orrington and 17-year old Ellen Harmon from Portland, along with other vising elders, including, Simeon Hall, James White, and Elder Wood.[1]
After someone apparently complained to the authorities, deputy sheriff Joseph Moulton and three colleagues arrived to investigate. However, not being granted access, they broke open the door and attempted to arrest Dammon. But many of the women present jumped on him and prevented his arrest. Moulton called for backup but to no avail. Finally, after even more help arrived, they were able to take Dammon into custody.[1]
The Trial
According to historian Frederick Hoyt, who first discovered and published the trial report from 7 Mar 1845 in the Piscataguis Farmer of
Despite some contradictory testimony, the 38 sworn or affirmed witnesses for both sides agreed on most details concerning the event in question. It was loud and boisterous. There were trances and visions, shouting, crawling and rolling on the floor, washing and kissing feet, declarations that some were going to hell and that people should not work, and spiritual (holy) kissing between men and women. Ellen Harmon lay on the floor in vision and sat up to confront people with what she claimed to have seen regarding them. Some said she was known as "Imitation of Christ;" others disagreed. Dorinda Baker went into a bedroom with various men, although there was no consensus as to their identity.[3] Some were baptized in the nearby, frigid stream. One witness stated, "I never saw such confusion, not even in a drunken frolic."[1]
The court pronounced Dammon "guilty" and sentenced him to 10 days in prison, but his attorney appealed and managed to get the case dropped. He never served time.[1]
The Aftermath
The trial of Israel Dammon would be an insignificant footnote in 19th century Maine history were it not for the fact that two participating people who were not arrested nor testified at trial eventually became two of the principal founders of the Seventh-day Adventist Church—the traveling team of James White and his eventual wife, Ellen Harmon. Aside from James' mute presence and uncertain involvement with Dorinda Baker, Ellen was the featured personality of the event, lying on the floor for hours receiving visions and periodically sitting up to deliver her messages that often called for various people immediately to be baptized so as not "to go to hell."
In 1860, she reflected on this trip with James in 1845, ostensibly to confront Millerite fanaticism throughout Maine. In this context, she discussed the events at Atkinson but gave a very different account compared what the trial report conveyed. The confusion and chaos of the event and her central ecstatic role in the reception of visions while lying on the floor and sharing the hell-fire messages with those present, all far from her supposed mission of confronting fanaticism, were conveniently ignored. Instead, she focused on how the power of God for about forty minutes prevented officials from arresting "Eld. D," who later kept his guard up all night with his "singing, and praying, and praising the Lord." Although she mentioned the trial, her account differed significantly from the newspaper report.[4] Clearly, James' and her participation in the Atkinson event had become a major embarrassment to them and their colleagues in the nascent denomination.
This matter emerged periodically throughout the rest of Ellen's life. In 1874, Miles Grant, a spiritual descendant of William Miller, became a vocal critic of Ellen White. In a debate with Dudley Canright, still a Seventh-day Adventist at the time, Grant claimed that he had correspondence from Israel Dammon asserting that he had rejected the validity of White's visions. Canright countered by stating that her visions had exposed his fanaticism. A recent scholar has pointed to the uncharacteristic absence of Ellen's participation in a supposedly Dammon-related fanatical meeting in 1845 in Canright's later attack on Seventh-day Adventism as evidence that her 1860 account of the meeting is more credible than the contemporary newspaper report.[5] However, it is this argument from silence that lacks credibility.
An earlier paper, and seemingly still official Ellen G. White Estate statement on the Dammon matter, tries to discredit the 1845 newspaper report in favor of Ellen White's own, contradictory account.[6][7] However, this apology, no more effective than its later companion piece noted above, is without merit. The late Frederick Hoyt carefully dismantled its arguments.[8] We note that Ellen White was still amending her account of Dammon's arrest as late as 1906.[6]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d Weaver, Bruce (April 1988). "Roots Revisited: Incident in Atkinson: The Arrest and Trial of Israel Dammon". Adventist Currents. 3 (1): 16–36.
- ^ Hoyt, Frederick G. (ed.). "Trial of Elder I. Dammon Reported for the Piscataquis Farmer". Spectrum. 17 (5): 29–36.
- ^ a b Schoepflin, Rennie B., ed. (August 1987). "Scandal or Rite of Passage? Historians on the Dammon Trial". Spectrum. 17 (5): 37–50.
- ^ White, Ellen G. Spiritual Gifts. Vol. 2. pp. 40–42.
- ^ Campbell, Michael W. "Miles Grant, D. M. Canright, and the Credibility of Ellen G. White: A New Perspective on the Israel Dammon Trial" (PDF). Seventh-day Adventist Church. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
- ^ a b Nix, James R. (2004). "Another Look at Israel Dammon". Ellen G. White Estate. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
- ^ "Questions and Answers About Ellen G. White: Ellen G. White and Israel Dammon". Ellen G. White Estate. Retrieved February 27, 2023.
- ^ Hoyt, Frederick G. "Elder Israel Dammon's Wild Maine Show of February 1845: A Critique of a Regrettably Long Delayed Official Response." Unpublished paper, pp. 39-68.