Jacopo della Quercia
Jacopo della Quercia | |
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Born | Jacopo di Pietro d'Agnolo di Guarnieri c. 1374 |
Died | 20 October 1438 Siena, Republic of Siena | (aged 63–64)
Nationality | Italian |
Known for | Sculpture |
Notable work | The Tomb of Ilaria del Carretto |
Movement | Early Renaissance |
Jacopo della Quercia (/ˌdɛlə ˈkwɛərtʃə/,[1] Italian: [ˈjaːkopo della ˈkwɛrtʃa]; c. 1374 – 20 October 1438), also known as Jacopo di Pietro d'Agnolo di Guarnieri, was an Italian sculptor of the Renaissance, a contemporary of Brunelleschi, Ghiberti and Donatello. He is considered a precursor of Michelangelo.
Biography
Jacopo della Quercia takes his name from Quercia Grossa (now
It is likely that della Quercia studied the huge collection of Roman sculptures and sarcophagi in the
Della Quercia's earliest work (though this attribution is sometimes contested) appears in the Lucca cathedral: Man of Sorrows (Altar of the Sacrament) and a relief on the tomb of St. Aniello. In 1401 he entered a competition to design the bronze doors for
In 1403 he sculpted the marble Virgin and Child for the Ferrara cathedral. Another (possible) work from his period in Ferrara is the statuette of St. Maurelius (both on in display in the Museo del Duomo).
Back again in Lucca in 1406, he received the commission from the city's ruler,
Fonte Gaia in Siena
Fonte Gaia in Siena | ||
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Left side with Creation of Adam
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Middle section
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Right side
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In 1406 he was asked to build a new fountain in the
Other works
In 1412, contracted by a wealthy merchant Lorenzo Trenta, he started the design of the Trenta Chapel in the
When in 1416 Lorenzo Ghiberti was asked to design a hexagonal basin with bronze panel for the Baptistery in Siena, political infighting brought Jacopo della Quercia into the project (who had been his competitor for the bronze doors in Florence). He only completed one bronze relief The Annunciation to Zacharias because he was working at the same time on the Fonte Gaia and the Trenta Chapel. His lingering on this project brought him in legal difficulties with the authorities. Since he had been rejected in the competition for the "Doors of Paradise" in Florence, he had been reluctant to work with bronze. And when he worked on the tabernacle of the baptistery, he insisted on taking care only of the marble part.
In 1421 he carved an Annunciation, in a different style, with two wooden polychromed statues Virgin and Gabriel for the
In his later years, he became even more active, working on different projects simultaneously. In 1427 he received the commission to design the upper part of the baptismal font for the Siena Baptistery. This hexagonal column, resting on a pillared base in the middle of the basin, contains five prophets situated in niches. The marble statue of St. John the Baptist, at the top of the dome above the tabernacle, is also attributed to Jacopo della Quercia.
Porta Magna in Bologna
In 1425 he accepted another major commission: the design of the round-arched Porta Magna of the
While working at the Porta Magna, he was asked in 1434 by the Sienese to design the Loggia di San Paolo, close to the Piazza del Campo. He was not able to finish this commission. At his death, he had only finished the capitals and six niches.
In his final years, he was awarded several honours by the Sienese. In 1435 he was knighted and given the important position of Operaio of the cathedral.
In his final years, he was also involved in the decoration of the chapel of Saint Sebastian (destroyed in 1645) for the cardinal Casini in the cathedral of Siena, but, as part of a relief of the cardinal, most works were done by his Siena workshop. This carved high relief, Cardinal Antonio Casini presented to the Virgin by St. Anthony of Egypt, is on display in the Hall of Statues in the Cathedral Museum.
Jacopo della Quercia died at Siena on 20 October 1438. He was buried in the
He was already held in high esteem by his contemporaries, such as
Main works
- An equestrian wooden statue for the funeral of Azzo Ubaldini (1400 ?)
- Knight of San Cassiano (Il Cavaliere di San Cassiano) (1400?) - Wood, height 185 cm Church di San Cassiano, San Cassiano[4]
- (? ) Madonna on top of the Piccolomini altar in the Siena cathedral (1397–1400)
- Virgin and Child (Silvestri Madonna) (1403) - Marble, height 210 cm, Cathedral of Ferrara
- St. Maurelius (c. 1403) - Cathedral of Ferrara.
- The tomb of Ilaria del Carretto (c. 1406) -Cathedral of Lucca
- Fonte Gaia (1408–1419) - Siena
- Virtue (1409–19) - Marble, height 135 cm, Palazzo Pubblico, Siena
- Hope (1409–19) - Marble, Palazzo Pubblico, Siena
- Acca Laurentia (1414–19) - Marble, height 162 cm, Palazzo Pubblico, Siena
- Rhea Sylvia (1414–19) - Marble, height 160 cm, Palazzo Pubblico, Siena
- Annunciation, Virgin and Gabriel - Collegiata di San Gimignano
- Basilica di San Frediano, Lucca
- Porta Magna (1425) - Basilica di San Petronio, Bologna
- Fountain, panels and statuette of John the Baptist (1427) - Baptistry of Siena's cathedral.
References
- ^ "della Quercia, Jacopo" (US) and "della Quercia, Jacopo". Oxford Dictionaries UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press.[dead link]
- ^ in the National Gallery of Art
- ISBN 9780231076845. Retrieved 2012-09-14.
- ^ "Il Cavaliere di San Cassiano".
- ISBN 0-231-07200-7