James Blair (Australian judge)

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Sir James Blair
Queensland Legislative Assembly
for Ipswich
In office
11 March 1902 – 22 May 1915
Preceded byAlfred Stephenson
Succeeded byDavid Gledson
6th Chief Justice of Queensland
In office
24 April 1925 – 16 May 1940
Preceded byThomas McCawley
Succeeded byHugh Denis Macrossan
Personal details
Born
James William Blair

(1870-05-16)16 May 1870
Chief Justice

Sir James William Blair

Queensland Parliament on several occasions. He held the office of Attorney-General of Queensland and was also the Minister for Mines and introduced many successful law reforms measures in Queensland. In later life, he took up an appointment as a judge of the Supreme Court of Queensland and went on to become the Chief Justice of that court. Blair took on many civic roles including that of Chancellor of the University of Queensland
.

His biographer states that Blair was thought of as a "dandy"[1] because he wore a white gardenia in his coat buttonhole and a silk handkerchief protruding from his breast pocket. Blair was said to be witty, possess a delightful personality, a gift of speech, and a love of humour, although author Frank Hardy is accused of referring to Blair as "venal"[1] through veiled references in the book "Power Without Glory".

Early years

Blair was born at Coalfalls,

called to the Queensland Bar on 6 March 1894.[2]

Blair shared chambers with the

Queensland Attorney General of the time, Thomas Joseph Byrnes. Blair appeared as junior counsel in many significant cases. One of those was the appeal to the Full Court of the Supreme Court of Queensland by Patrick Kenniff and James Kenniff. Both had been convicted of murdering a property owner and a police constable after the homestead they were staying in was burnt to the ground. The appeal did not succeed and Patrick Kenniff was executed soon after and his brother went on to serve a gaol term.[3]

Political career

Judge Blair

Blair's association with Byrnes led to his interest in politics. Blair contested the

Queensland Legislative Assembly
, he opposed Sunday trading for pubs and hotels, restricted hours for bars, prohibition of the sale of tobacco to children and the stringent enforcement against gambling. He also sought the takeover of private schools by the Government and the provision of more scholarships after their takeover.

In 1903, at the age of 33, Blair was invited to become Attorney-General of Queensland after Sir

Arthur Morgan became Premier of Queensland[1] after the Liberal-Labour coalition victory.[4] One of Blair's first acts was to abolish the office of sheriff. This led to the sacking of Arthur Hoey David (also known as author Steele Rudd). This led to many vicious personal attacks on Blair in Steele Rudd's Magazine.[5] The office of sheriff was quickly restored when it was realized how much the sheriff actually did. In 1904, Blair additionally became the Minister for Mines. In 1905, Blair introduced the Worker's Compensation Act 1905 (Qld), a major change to workplace safety laws in Queensland. Previous efforts at reform in this area had stalled and this legislation changed the focus from the regulation of safety to instead requiring employers to compensate employees for workplace accidents.[6] He introduced the Children's Court Act 1907 (Qld) providing for the first specialized children's courts in Queensland.[1] These courts were a great success.[1] These specialized children's courts continue to exist in modern times. However, he was unable to gather support for changes to mining laws or to education. As joint editor, he published an annotated version of the Workers Compensation legislation in 1906. He also jointed revised the "Queensland Police Code and Justices' Manual of the Criminal Law" written by Robert Archibald Ranking.[7] He continued in his executive offices after William Kidston became Premier in 1906.[8] He lost those offices in 1907 when Sir Robert Philp
became Premier, but was eventually re-appointed after Kidston regained the premiership in 1908.

A constitutional impasse over the

Queensland Governor, Lord Chelmsford
, and Kidston as Premier led to a general election. Blair introduced two pieces of legislation that became crucial in the later abolition of the upper house. The first reduced the requirement for a two-thirds majority for a bill to become law in Queensland. After this was passed, a further law change was made that allowed for referendum of the people to be held to make laws had been refused in two consecutive sessions of Parliament.

Kidston offered Blair an appointment to the Supreme Court of Queensland in 1908. However, he declined it because it was to be a Northern Queensland appointment and he preferred a Brisbane placement. When Kidston formed a coalition with the Opposition, he removed Blair from his ministerial roles to allow for coalition members to be appointed. Blair went on to lead what became known as the "Independent Opposition".

He married Christina Gibson on 29 February 1912 at

South Brisbane. They had no children. At the general election in that year, Blair stood as a Government candidate for Ipswich. He was elected and he returned to the ministry as Secretary for Public Instruction and held this office until 1915. In Parliament, he introduced law changes to raise the age of consent from 14 to 17 years of age. He also introduced changes to prevent wills excluding immediate family,[1]
as well as introducing rules that restricted corporate ownership of pharmacies to Family Societies. He also changed the criteria for the awarding of secondary school scholarships by making them available to all who qualified, rather than by way of competition.

In 1915 Blair lost his seat in parliament at the general election, and he returned to private practice as a barrister. He appeared as junior counsel in the "Legislative Council referendum" case in which he argued that legislation abolishing the Upper House in Queensland was valid. The Full Court of the Supreme Court of Queensland ruled against the validity of that legislation. However, the High Court of Australia overturned that decision and ruled that it was valid. Blair became a member of the senate of the University of Queensland in 1915 and 1916.

Judicial career

In 1922, Blair was again offered an appointment as a judge on the Northern Queensland bench. This time he accepted and he and his family moved to

Rockhampton. He was appointed Chief Justice of Queensland on 24 April 1925 on the death of Thomas McCawley. He was reappointed to the senate of the University of Queensland in 1926 and became chancellor in 1927. Blair was knighted in the 1930 New Year Honours.[9][10]

In 1931 Blair heard a civil claim for damages against two former premiers of Queensland,

Edward Granville Theodore in relation to the "Mungana affair".[11] They were both accused of conspiracy in respect of the purchase of two mines in Northern Queensland from the Mungana Mining Corporation. The case achieved public notoriety as Theodore was then the Treasurer of the Australian Government. The trial lasted twenty-days before a jury and had to be held in the Brisbane City Hall
because of the number of defendants. It led to a verdict in favour of McCormack and Theodore.

In 1939, Blair and a jury held a trial in respect of a large of number of accused who had been part of the League for Social Justice. The accused had invaded the Legislative Council chambers armed with baton, barbed wire and hammers. Blair's biography states that Blair made it clear to the jury that the accused were guilty, but the jury found that they were not.

Frank Hardy's novel "Power Without Glory" uses thinly veiled references to Blair in the novel. Hardy uses the character in the novel to accuse Blair of venality. Blair's biographer dismisses these references as simply gossip. Blair was also to be the president of Queensland Rugby Union.

Vice-regal roles

Sir James Blair's headstone at Brisbane's Balmoral Cemetery.

Blair acted as deputy governor for brief periods whilst chief justice. He also served as Administrator of Queensland pending the arrival of the new governor in April 1932. He was appointed

King's Birthday Honours.[13]

Blair retired as chief justice on 16 May 1940 but remained as lieutenant-governor. Blair was the subject of controversy when Justice Edward Douglas of the Supreme Court published a statement in the Brisbane-based

Truth newspaper in 1944 alleging that Blair had suppressed a pension plan for judges. Douglas further alleged that Blair had received a salary as lieutenant-governor and had been given large undisclosed sums of money by the government to suppress pensions for judges. The allegations caused the other judges of the Court to condemn Douglas and lend their support to Blair. It emerged later in the Queensland Parliament that Douglas was mistaken over the pensions issue, that Blair had not received a salary as lieutenant-governor, and that the undisclosed payments were in fact payment for untaken leave.[1]

Affiliations

In 1911 he became president of Tattersall's Club. He held this role until 1922.

He was also a member of the Queensland Club and Brisbane's Johnsonian Club.[1]

Later years

Blair died on 18 November 1944 at the

Bulimba Cemetery (now called Balmoral Cemetery or sometimes called Morningside Cemetery).[14]

Legacy

Unlike most Queensland state schools which are named for the suburb/locality that they serve, the Queensland state primary school in Sadliers Crossing in Ipswich is called Blair State School in honour of Sir James Blair who was instrumental in the establishment of the school. The school's emblem includes a judge's wig and the scales of justice.[15]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Gill, J. C. H. "Blair, Sir James William (1870 - 1944)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 7, Melbourne University Press, 1979, pp 317-321. Retrieved 2 May 2008
  2. ^ Gill, J. C. H. (1977). "A Brief Account of the Life and Times of The Honourable Sir James William Blair, K.C.M.G. Chief Justice of Queensland" (PDF). UQ eSpace. The Royal Historical Society of Queensland. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
  3. ^ Heap, Grenfell, Kenniff, Patrick (1863 - 1903), Australian Dictionary of Biography. Retrieved 1 June 2008
  4. ^ Atkinson, Justice R., (28 March 2004), Paper: "Scots and the Law in Queensland".
  5. ^ Atkinson
  6. ^ Cowan, Paula, Doctoral Thesis: Of the People, By the People, For the People Archived 26 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
  7. ^ Gistitin, Carol E.Ranking, Robert Archibald (1843 - 1912), Australian Dictionary of Biography. Retrieved 2 June 2008
  8. ^ Murphy, D. J., "Kidston, William (1849 - 1919)", Australian Dictionary of Biography. Retrieved 2 June 2008
  9. ^ "No. 33566". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 1929. p. 2.
  10. ^ "No. 33587". The London Gazette. 11 March 1930. p. 1574.
  11. ^ Caine, Neville. "Theodore, Edward Granville (1884 - 1950)", Australian Dictionary of Biography. Retrieved 2 June 2008
  12. ^ "No. 33945". The London Gazette. 2 June 1933. p. 3706.
  13. ^ "No. 34166". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 May 1935. p. 3597.
  14. ^ About Balmoral Cemetery Archived 30 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Friends of Balmoral Cemetery. Retrieved 2 June 2008.
  15. ^ "Our School". Blair State School. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sir James William Blair.
Legal offices
Preceded by Chief Justice of Queensland
1925-1940 		Succeeded by
Parliament of Queensland
Preceded by Member for Ipswich
1902–1915
Served alongside: Thomas Cribb, William Maughan 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Blair_(Australian_judge)&oldid=1283304466"