James L. Dozier
James Lee Dozier | |
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Born | Arcadia, Florida, U.S. | April 10, 1931
Allegiance | United States of America |
Service/ | United States Army |
Years of service | 1950–1985 |
Rank | Major general |
Commands held | Deputy Chief of Staff at NATO's Southern European land forces |
Battles/wars | Cold War
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Awards |
James Lee Dozier (born April 10, 1931) is a retired
Military career
Dozier was born in
Education
Dozier graduated from the U.S. Military Academy with a Bachelor of Science degree in engineering. Later he earned a Master of Science degree in aerospace engineering from the University of Arizona. Dozier attended the
Kidnapping
Then–Brigadier General Dozier was kidnapped from his apartment in Verona at approximately 6 pm on December 17, 1981, by four men posing as plumbers. It was later reported that as many as four additional terrorists provided support with multiple vehicles. His wife, Judy Dozier, was not kidnapped, but was held at gunpoint briefly to coerce Dozier to comply and the terrorists left her bound and chained in the laundry room of their apartment.[7] Judy Dozier was rescued after she made noise by leaning against the washing machine and hitting it with her shoulders and knees, thereby getting the attention of a downstairs neighbor.[8]
In Paul J. Smith's (National Security Affairs professor at the U.S. Naval War College)[9] paper The Italian Red Brigades (1969–1984): Political Revolution and Threats to the State:
For more than a month, Dozier's right wrist and left ankle were chained to a steel cot, which was placed under a small tent. He was also forced to live under the "never-extinguished glare of an electric bulb." Dozier's captors also required him to wear earphones and listen to loud music. During Dozier's captivity, the Red Brigades issued various communiqués to the government and the public generally, describing their demands or complaints. They issued the first communiqué only days after the kidnapping; it was striking for its lack of any ransom demand. Instead it dwelled on international matters of interest to the Red Brigades, including a tribute to the German Red Army Faction. Subsequent communiqués also failed to mention ransom demands and even lacked any particular reference to Dozier. The fifth communiqué, retrieved from a trash can in downtown Rome, contained a number of anti-NATO and anti-American statements but did not make any specific demands for Dozier's release.[10]
Dozier was able to temporarily remove his headphones while his guard was not watching, allowing him to identify morning and evening traffic and thus tell time. He tracked the days in his diary, with a final count of 40, 2 days off from the true duration of his captivity. Dozier was able to keep a diary by playing
The Red Brigades held Dozier for 42 days until January 28, 1982, when a team of NOCS (a special operations unit of the Italian police) successfully carried out his rescue from an apartment in Padua, without firing a shot, capturing the entire terrorist cell. The guard, Ugo Milani, assigned to kill Dozier in the event of a rescue attempt did not do so, and was overwhelmed by the rescuing force.
After Dozier's return to the U.S. Army in Vicenza, he was congratulated by telephone by President Reagan on regaining his freedom.[12]
Aftermath
Dozier was later promoted to major general and eventually retired from active military service.
Awards and decorations
This section of a poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous. )Find sources: "James L. Dozier" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2018) |
During his military career he was awarded the
Ribbon bar
Parachutist Badge | Ranger tab | |||||||||||||||||
1st row | Army Distinguished Service Medal | |||||||||||||||||
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2nd row | Silver Star | Defense Superior Service Medal | Legion of Merit | "V" Device
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3rd row | Purple Heart | Meritorious Service Medal w/ OLC | Air Medal w/ OLC | Army Commendation Medal w/ OLC | ||||||||||||||
4th row | Army Good Conduct Medal | National Defense Service Medal w/ service star | Vietnam Service Medal w/ four service stars | Vietnam Campaign Medal | ||||||||||||||
Vietnam Gallantry Cross Unit Citation
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See also
References
- ^ BBC On This Day | 28 | 1982: US general rescued from Red Brigade. BBC News (1986-01-28). Retrieved on 2011-08-28.
- ^ "Man in the News; A Battle-hardened General". New York Times. 1982-01-29. Retrieved 2015-01-28.
- ^ "Retired Gen. Norman Schwarzkopf dies". NBC2. 2012-12-27. Archived from the original on 2017-08-12. Retrieved 2015-01-28.
- ^ "Man in the News; A Battle-hardened General". New York Times. 1982-01-29. Retrieved 2015-01-28.
- ^ "James L. Dozier". MilitaryTimes. Archived from the original on 2015-01-28. Retrieved 2015-01-28.
- ^ "Man in the News; A Battle-hardened General". New York Times. 1982-01-29. Retrieved 2015-01-28.
- ^ [1] Archived September 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 978-1-64180-112-6.
- ^ "U.S. Naval War College | Paul Smith". Archived from the original on 2013-01-19. Retrieved 2013-01-28.
- ^ Paul J. Smith. "The Italian Red Brigades (1969–1984): Political Revolution and Threats to the State".
- ISBN 978-1-64180-112-6.
- ^ Dozier, General James/Red Brigade Kidnapping Incident Archived 2007-03-29 at the Wayback Machine. Reagan.utexas.edu. Retrieved on 2011-08-28.
- ^ sptimes.com - Parade, service to honor veterans
Further reading
- Collin, Richard Oliver and Gordon L. Freedman. Winter of Fire, ISBN 0-525-24880-3
- Dozier, James and Quelch, Douglas (Editor). Finding My Pole Star: Memoir of an American hero's life of faithful military service and as an active business and community leader, ISBN 978-1641801126