Joaquim Pedro de Oliveira Martins

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Joaquim Pedro de Oliveira Martins
Born	30 April 1845 Lisbon, Portugal
Died	24 August 1894(1894-08-24) (aged 49) Lisbon, Portugal
Nationality	Portuguese
Occupation(s)	Politician, social cientist

Joaquim Pedro de Oliveira Martins (30 April 1845 – 24 August 1894) was a

, a minister; he became the 47th Minister for Treasury Affairs on 17 January 1892.

Martins was born and died in Lisbon. He was the son of Francisco Cândido Gonçalves Martins (born Lisbon, Mercês, bap. 16 June 1812) and wife Maria Henriqueta de Morais Gomes de Oliveira (born Setúbal, São Lourenço (Vila Nogueira de Azeitão), bap. 26 August 1817).

Oliveira Martins is considered one of the key figures in the contemporary history of Portugal. His works influenced many generations of writers, such as António Sérgio (1883–1969), António Sardinha (1887–1925) or the philosopher Eduardo Lourenço (1923–2020).

He married on 10 March 1865 Vitória Mascarenhas Barbosa, without issue. His great-nephew is former

.

Life

An orphan, Oliveira Martins did not have an easy adolescence; he did not finish high school, which would lead him to Polytechnic School to be a military engineer. He was a businessman between 1858 and 1870, but because his firm went bankrupt, he later became manager of a mine in

.

In 1880 he was elected president of the Sociedade de Geografia Comercial of Porto and, four years later, manager of the Museum of Industry of Commerce in the same city. Later, he was also manager of the Company of Mozambique and member of the executive commission of the Portuguese Industrial Exhibition.

Oliveira Martins became a deputy elected by

in 1883, and in 1889 by Porto. In 1893 he was nominated vice-president of the Junta de Crédito Público. One of the leading figures of the " of the nineteenth century.

Main works

Oliveira Martins worked for the major literary, scientific, political and socialist Portuguese journals. His vast work began with the romance

Martins' historiography

According to historian Sérgio Campos Matos, in Oliveira Martins'

natural laws.^[5]

Oliveira Martins was greatly influenced by authors like the German historian Theodor Mommsen, namely the importance given to the hero as the man who better incarnates the nation's soul, the collective psychology of the nation in a given historical moment, corresponding to its demands and ambitions. In Martins' last works the individual's function in history grows, as a sign of his skepticism towards an immediate national regeneration.^[6]

References

1. ^ Biography at Instituto Camões
2. ^ Maurício, 2000: 57.
3. ^ Matos, 1992: 477.
4. ^ Matos, 1992: 480–496.
5. ^ Maurício, 2000: 59.
6. ^ Matos, 1992: 502–504

Bibliography

• MATOS, Sérgio Campos (1992). "Na génese da teoria do herói em Oliveira Martins" in Estudos de homenagem a Jorge Borges de Macedo. Lisboa: INIC.
• MAURÍCIO, Carlos Maurício (2000). “O falso Portugal de Oliveira Martins” in Ler História, nº38, pp. 57–86.
• J. P. de Oliveira Martins, Portugal nos Mares: Ensaios de Critica, Historia e Geographia, Lisboa, Bertrand, 1889 (repr. Parceria Antonio Maria Pereira, 1924).

External links

• Prestage, Edgar (1911). "Oliveira Martins, Joaquin Pedro de" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 87.
• Works by Joaquim Pedro de Oliveira Martins at Project Gutenberg
• Works by or about Joaquim Pedro de Oliveira Martins at Internet Archive