Johann Friedrich (theologian)
Johann Friedrich (5 May 1836 – 19 August 1917) was a German theologian. He was prominent as a leader of the Old Catholics.
Biography
He was born at
extraordinary professor of theology. In 1867, he was appointed to the Academy of Sciences. He was a pupil of Ignaz von Döllinger.[1]
In 1869 he went to the
Cardinal Hohenlohe, and took an active part in opposing the dogma of papal infallibility, notably by supplying the opposition bishops with historical and theological material. He left Rome
before the council closed.
- "No German ecclesiastic of his age appears to have won for himself so unusual a repute as a theologian and to have held so important a position, as the trusted counsellor of the leading German cardinal at the Vatican Council. The path was fairly open before him to the highest advancement in the Church of Rome, yet he deliberately sacrificed all such hopes and placed himself in the van of a hard and doubtful struggle" (The Guardian, 1872, p. 1004).
A sentence of
Old Catholic Church, for he was not in agreement with its abolition of enforced celibacy. He died in Munich
.
Works
Friedrich was a prolific writer; among his chief works are:
- Johann Wessel: Ein Bild aus der Kirchengeschichte des XV. Jahrhunderts, 1862 ("Wessel Gansfort; a portrait of church history in the 15th century")
- Die Lehre des Johann Hus, 1862 ("The teachings of John Hus")
- Kirchengeschichte Deutschlands, 2 volumes, 1867–69 ("German church history")
- Tagebuch während des Vaticanischen Concils geführt, 1871 ("Journal of the Vatican Council")
- Documenta ad Illustrandum Concilium Vaticanum, 1871
- Beiträge zur Kirchengeschichte des 18. Jahrhunderts, 1876 ("Contribution to church history of the 18th century")
- Der Mechanismus der vatikanischen Religion, 1876 ("The mechanism of the Vatican religion")
- Geschichte des Vatikanischen Konzils, 2 volumes, 1877–86 ("History of the Vatican Council")
- Das Papsttum, 1892 ("The papacy")
- Johann Adam Möhler, der Symboliker, 1894 ("On Johann Adam Möhler")
- Ignaz von Döllinger: Sein Leben auf Grund seines schriftlichen Nachlasses, 3 volumes, 1899–1901 ("Ignaz von Dollinger; his life on the basis of his literary estate")
Notes
- ^ a b Friedrich, Johann Historischen Lexikon der Schweiz
References
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- New International Encyclopedia(1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
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