John B. Hogenesch

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John B. Hogenesch
Born (1967-05-29) May 29, 1967 (age 56)
Rotterdam, Netherlands
CitizenshipAmerican
Alma mater
Scientific career
FieldsBioinformatics, genomics, chronobiology, computational biology
InstitutionsCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
ThesisCharacterization of basic-helix-loop-helix-PER-ARNT-SIM-mediated signaling pathways (1999)
Doctoral advisorChris Bradfield
Websitehttp://hogeneschlab.org/

John B. Hogenesch (born May 29, 1967) is an American chronobiologist and Professor of Pediatrics at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. The primary focus of his work has been studying the network of mammalian clock genes from the genomic and computational perspective to further the understanding of circadian behavior. He is currently the Deputy Director of the Center for Chronobiology, an Ohio Eminent Scholar, and Professor of Pediatrics in the Divisions of Perinatal Biology and Immunobiology at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.

Personal life

Family

Hogenesch was born on May 29, 1967, in

Cal State Northridge.[5][6]

Education

Hogenesch originally received a B.A. in History from the

Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation.[6]

Career

Discovery of BMAL1

In March, 1997, Hogenesch was a neuroscience graduate student at

ARNTL, revealed in 1998 that its role as a partner of the bHLH-PAS transcription factor CLOCK was essential to the function of the mammalian circadian clock. BMAL1 and CLOCK are now the two most well recognized bHLH-PAS domain transcription factors.[11] Later work revealed that Bmal1 is the only clock gene without which the circadian clock fails to function in humans.[12]

BMAL1 functions as a positive element in the circadian clock. It forms a heterodimer with CLOCK to initiate transcription of target genes that contain E-box sequences, such as Period and Cryptochrome in mice. The BMAL1:CLOCK complex is suppressed by the buildup of the PER:CRY heterodimers.[11]

After receiving his Ph.D. in 1999, Hogenesch followed his Ph.D. mentor Christopher Bradfield to the

University of Wisconsin-Madison and continued in his lab as a postdoctoral associate. During this time, Hogenesch focused on following up on his Ph.D. work.[13]

Assembling & mRNA characterization of complete mammalian transcriptomes

Later in 1999, he became a postdoctoral associate with

mRNA characterization of the transcriptomes of humans, mice, and rats, which he would later continue as Director of Genomics at GNF.[16]

Hogenesch became the Program Manager of Genomics at GNF in 2000, and remained there until 2004.[16] During his time there, he accomplished the compilation of the complete human transcriptome, and also the mRNA characterization of the human, mouse, and rat transcriptomes.[9][17] These highly cited works, together cited over 3700 times, have been influential in the field of genome biology.[9][18] Hogenesch then brought together his work on the human and mouse transcriptomes into a gene atlas, which he made available as a tool for other genome biologists.[19]

Characterizing circadian regulation of transcription

In addition to characterizing transciptomes present in various organisms, Hogenesch has also spent time throughout his career determining which genes were regulated on a circadian schedule. Working with his colleagues he has determined that mRNA in plants,[20] flies,[21] mice,[22] and humans[23] all shows extensive circadian regulation. In mammals up to 43% of all genes are regulated according to a circadian clock.[24] Transcription for circadianly regulated mRNA shows regular peaks in morning and evening,[25] which then has implications for the regulation of drug targets.[26]

Non-coding RNA and functional genomics

In 2004 Hogenesch left California to become a professor and the Director of Genome Technology at The Scripps Research Institute's other location in

RNAi genetic screening techniques to discover a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) known as NRON. NRON, a repressor of the protein NFAT, is one of the first well characterized examples of a ncRNAs involved in transcription regulation.[27][28][29]

In 2006, Hogenesch moved to the

miRNA to examine signalling and cell survival.[30]

Contributions to the core clock mechanisms and the field of chronobiology

Over the course of his career, Hogenesch has made numerous contributions to the understanding of the core clock mechanisms. He discovered the key proteins Bmal1 (Arntl), and

autism, which may relate to its function as a circadian regulator.[32] Hogenesch has also contributed to the identification of hundreds more genes that modulate circadian rhythms in humans by using genome wide RNAi scanning.[33] More recently, he discovered new clock gene CHRONO using novel computer based machine learning techniques to prioritize clock gene candidates.[34][35]

Hogenesch has also contributed to the field by mentored scientists like Satchin Panda[36] and has collaborated with over 25 other scientists on a variety of papers that cover a range of topics including CREB signaling, NF-κB signaling, TRP channels, melanopsin signaling, cell type specific splicing, noncoding RNA function, and RNA-seq methods and mapping algorithms.[37]

Applications of scientific achievements

Wikipedia and chronobiology

Hogenesh has pushed for the chronobiology community to create

ARNTL, as well as pages about chronobiologists like Ingeborg Beling.[6]

He has also been instrumental in creating the Gene Atlas. This project uses a database run by Hogenesch called the Circa database that lists time of activity of genes in different tissues.[24] As an open source database, it allows biologists and pharmaceutical researchers to determine the peak time of different genes and mRNA which can then be used to target drug treatments.

Medicinal uses of chronobiology

In October 2014, Hogenesch's discovery that many proteins targeted by drugs experience circadian fluctuations made strides towards

chronotherapy treatment.[38] Further research has focused on the timing of drug administration with the goal of optimizing drug efficacy by allowing physicians to prescribe medicine to be taken when it is most effective and least likely to cause side effects.[39][19][40]

References

  1. ^ Singer, Glenn (March 6, 2005). "Assembling The Team". Sun Sentinel. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
  2. ^ Chemistry Dept., USC College of Letters, Arts & Sciences, Thieo E. Hogen-Esch, retrieved April 8, 2015{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Cheryl H. St. George in University of Southern California Directory, retrieved April 22, 2015
  4. ^ The Gator Nurse (2013), Honor Role 2013, retrieved April 22, 2015
  5. California State University, Northridge (30 May 2013), Tom Hogen-Esch
    , retrieved April 8, 2015
  6. ^ a b c d Coturnix (August 13, 2009), Clock Interview: John Hogenesch, ScienceBlogs, retrieved April 8, 2015
  7. ^ The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania (January 22, 2015), John B. Hogenesch, Ph.D., retrieved April 8, 2015
  8. ^ The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System (April 8, 2015), Christopher A. Bradfield, PhD, retrieved April 8, 2015
  9. ^ a b c NIMH Silvo O. Conte Center for Neuroscience Research (2006), Dr. John Hogenesch, retrieved April 8, 2015
  10. ^ a b John Hogenesch, Coursera Inc, 2015, retrieved April 8, 2015
  11. ^
    PMID 16987893
    .
  12. S2CID 4430366
    .
  13. ^ University of Wisconsin-Madison - Office of the Provost (2013), Christopher A. Bradfield, Ph.D. Curriculum Vitae (PDF), University of Wisconsin-Madison, retrieved April 8, 2015
  14. ^ The Scripps Research Institute - La Jolla (2014), Peter G. Schultz, The Scripps Research Institute, retrieved April 9, 2015
  15. ^ USC Dornsife (2015), Steve A. Kay Ph.D., USC Dornsife, archived from the original on February 26, 2015, retrieved April 9, 2015
  16. ^ a b "Scientific Report 2004 for Scripps Florida" (PDF). Florida: The Scripps Research Institute. 2004. p. 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-04-08.
  17. ^ RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (2006), Speaker Profiles: John Hoganesh, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, retrieved April 9, 2015
  18. ^ a b Koc University (2014), CE SEMINAR by John B. Hogenesch/Leveraging time: drug action, health, and dark matter, Koc University - Istanbul, Turkey, retrieved April 9, 2015
  19. ^ a b Amanda Schaffer (2014), "An Atlas of Genetic Time", The New Yorker, retrieved April 9, 2015
  20. PMID 11402179
    .
  21. PMID 17094740
    .
  22. S2CID 4421492
    .
  23. PMID 20148687
    . Retrieved April 23, 2015.
  24. ^ a b Schaffer, Amanda (November 21, 2014). "An Atlas of Genetic Time". The New Yorker. Retrieved April 23, 2015.
  25. S2CID 4394251
    .
  26. PMID 11598123
    .
  27. S2CID 22717118.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  28. PMID 19571179.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  29. PMID 17210785
    .
  30. PMID 24901050
    .
  31. S2CID 8938983
    .
  32. ^ Virginia Hughes (2013), Study uncovers molecular targets of autism-linked RORA gene, Simmons Foundation Autism Research Initiative, retrieved April 23, 2015
  33. PMID 19765810
    .
  34. PMID 24737000
    .
  35. ^ Scientists Unwind a Circadian Clock Mystery, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News, April 16, 2014, retrieved April 23, 2015
  36. ^ "Hogenesch Lab: Members". Hogenesch Lab. 2015. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
  37. ^ "Co-authors for John B. Hogenesch". Retrieved April 9, 2015.
  38. ^ Roy, Sree (28 October 2014). "New Study Makes Strides in Chronotherapy, Details Gene Oscillations in Mammals". Sleep Review. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  39. doi:10.1146/knowable-050118-014201
    . Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  40. ^ Ray Zhang; Nicholas F. Lahens; Heather I. Ballance (2014), First Atlas of Body Clock Gene Expression in Mammals Informs Timing of Drug Delivery and Emerging Field of Chronotherapy: Penn Medicine study has implications for 100 top-selling US drugs, half of which target daily-oscillating genes, Penn Medicine, retrieved April 9, 2015

External links

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