John G. Lake

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John Graham Lake
St. Mary's, Ontario, Canada
DiedSeptember 16, 1935(1935-09-16) (aged 65)
Spokane, Washington
ReligionChristian Pentecostal, Methodist
NationalityCanadian/American
Spouse
  • Jennie Stevens (1893–1908)
  • Florence Switzer (1913–1964)
ChurchThe Church of Truth, Spokane, Washington (1914-1920)
Senior posting
Influenced by

John Graham Lake (March 18, 1870 – September 16, 1935) was a Canadian-American leader in the

Charles Parham.[3]

Early life and career

Lake was born in St. Marys, Ontario, Canada and moved to Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan with his family in 1886.[4] He was born into a large family of 16 siblings (eight of whom died young).[5] He graduated from high school in St Mary's shortly before the move to Michigan, and claimed to have been ordained into the Methodist ministry at the age of twenty-one.[4] However, his seminary attendance has never been confirmed [6]: 53  and census records cannot confirm even ten years' education.[7] Lake, then, may have had no formal theological training.

Lake moved to a suburb of Chicago, Harvey, in 1890, where he worked as a roofer and construction worker before returning to his hometown in 1896. According to Lake, he became an industrious businessman and started two newspapers, the Harvey Citizen in Harvey, Illinois and the Soo Times in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan,[4] before beginning a successful career in real estate, and later, becoming a millionaire in life insurance dealings. Historian Barry Morton found no evidence that Lake ever owned the two newspapers, citing sources which indicate the Harvey Citizen was founded by the Harvey township,[8] and the Soo Times was started by George A. Ferris and owned by Ferris & Scott Publishers.[1]: 103 [9]: 394 [10] Morton further alleges that Lake exaggerated his business career, and that "clear evidence" shows Lake instead worked as a small-scale contractor, roofer and "house-flipper".[1]: 103  In the 1900 Census, Lake's occupation is listed as "carpenter".[7] In February 1893, Lake married Jennie Stevens of Newberry, Michigan, and the two had six children and adopted another before her death in 1908. During the 1890s Lake and many members of his family began appearing regularly in Dowie's services, where attendees were purportedly healed and allegedly brought back from death's door. In 1898 Lake opened a small chapter of Dowie's Christian Catholic Church in Sault Ste Marie and held meetings in the attic of his parents' home. In 1901 he relocated his family to Zion, Illinois, where he worked in the theocratic town's construction department.

After massive retrenchments affected ever-bankrupt Zion City,

Waukegan as an "ordinary, small-town insurance salesman". Lake does not appear in contemporary newspapers until 1907 where he gave an account of his experience of speaking in tongues.[1]
: 105  In 1907 Lake was converted to Pentecostalism when
Charles Parham staged a tent revival in Zion in an attempt to woo Dowie's supporters. After Parham's departure a group of several hundred "Parhamites" remained in Zion, led by Thomas Hezmalhalch—a recent arrival from the Azusa Street Revival. As 1907 wore on, Lake grew in stature among this group, and was usually listed as co-leader. After Parham's arrest for reports of sodomy and pedophilia in the summer of 1907,[15] the Parhamites descended into disorganization. Believing that many had been possessed by demons, a number of brutal exorcisms began, in which at least two deaths occurred.[16][17]
[invalid, non-working citation links] In the face of arrests and potential mob violence, the Parhamites were forced to flee en masse from Illinois. Lake and Hezmalhalch left for Indianapolis. Once there, they raised $2000 to finance a Pentecostal mission to South Africa.

Missionary work in Africa

With

Zionist Christian sects.[citation needed
]

Just six months after Lake's arrival in South Africa, his first wife, Jennie, died on December 22, 1908.[3] He referred to the death of his wife as “Satan’s masterstroke”. He continued his work in Africa for another four years, raising his seven children with the help of his sister Irene.[3]

Lake's ministry in South Africa was not without controversy. Morton wrote[1]: 114–15  that Lake was accused of: misappropriating the AFM's funds, particularly that funds did not flow to poor rural areas but was eventually disproved. The healings that occurred under his ministry were documented thoroughly. He also wrote that "an analysis of the missionary that was full of blatant lies. " [1]: 98  Marius Nel takes a different position, and mentions a "seemingly preconceived notion of Lake as a fraud and scam, supported by an unbalanced utilisation and unfair treatment of resources"[20]

Later life and religious work

Lake returned to America on February 1, 1913, and married Florence Switzer in September 1913.[3] Lake's comment[citation needed] on this second marriage was, "Men in these days consider themselves to be happily married once. I have been especially blessed in that I have been happily married twice." From this marriage five children were born.

After a year of itinerant preaching, Lake relocated to

Spokane, WA by July 1914 and began ministering in "The Church of Truth". He started an organization called The Divine Healing Institute and opened what he called "Lake's Divine Healing Rooms". Lake ran the "healing rooms" from 1915 until May 1920, at which time he moved to Portland, Oregon, for a similar ministry that lasted for another five years. He continued to found churches and "healing rooms" down the California coast and eventually to Houston, TX in 1927, before finally returning to Spokane in 1931. Upon his return to Spokane he purchased an old church and began his final church and healing room.[3]

In 1935, Lake suffered a serious stroke[21] and died on September 16, 1935,[3] at age 65.

References

  1. ^
    S2CID 162869997
    .
  2. ISBN 1-8911-1034-9
    .
  3. ^ a b c d e f "About John G. Lake". John G. Lake Ministries. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  4. ^
    ISBN 978-0899850115
    .
  5. ^ B. Morton, "John G Lake's Formative Years 1870-1908", May 2014.
  6. ^
    ISBN 978-82-996599-2-5
    .
  7. ^ a b US Census 1900, Michigan, Chippewa, Sault Ste Marie, Ward 02, District 0020, Ancestry.com{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ The Town of Harvey, Illinois: Manufacturing Suburb of Chicago aged two years. Harvey, Illinois: Harvey Land Association. 1892.
  9. ^ N. W. Ayer & Son's American Newspaper Annual: containing a Catalogue of American Newspapers, a List of All Newspapers of the United States and Canada, 1898, Volume 1. N. W. Ayer & Son. 1898.
  10. ^ Sault Ste Marie News. March 6, 1896. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  11. ^ Chicago Inter-Ocean. February 7, 1904. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. ISBN 9780881149623
    .
  13. ISBN 978-0892743162
    .
  14. ^ Officer, Lawrence H. and Williamson, Samuel H. (2013). "Purchasing Power of Money in the United States from 1774 to Present". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved October 1, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. ^ "Chicago Tribune 21 Sep 1907, page 1".
  16. Indianapolis Star
    . September 21, 1907. Laboring under a religious frenzy and believing their manipulations would drive out the devils and bring health to Mrs. Letitia Greenhaulgh, aged 64 years and a cripple for twenty years, five members of the sect of Parhamites are under arrest at Zion City, accused of torturing...
  17. Chicago Daily Tribune
    . September 21, 1907. p. 1.
  18. ISBN 978-1425997397
    .
  19. ^ de Wet, Christiaan R. (1989). The Apostolic Faith Mission in Africa, 1908-1960: A Case Study in Church Growth in a Segregated Society (Ph.D.). University of Cape Town. p. Chapters 3–4.
  20. ^ Marius Nel: 'John G. Lake as a fraud, con man and false prophet': critical assessment of a historical evaluation of Lake's ministry‘. In: Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae, 2016, 42
  21. ISBN 978-1880089477
    .

Further reading

External links

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