John Laskaris Kalopheros
John Laskaris Kalopheros (1325/30–1392) was a wealthy
He was married three times: first before 1363 to Maria Kantakouzene, a daughter of the Emperor
Family
Kalopheros was born between 1325 and 1330.
Kalopheros was a friend and correspondent of Demetrios Kydones.[1]
Life
Byzantine period
Kalapheros supported the
Kalopheros wealth came from land and trade.[1][8] His wealth was considered great enough to bankroll an imperial candidate. Even during his exile, however, his Byzantine estates were not confiscated. He had commercial connections as far afield as Egypt, Aragon and Castile.[8]
Service of Peter I
In exile, Kalapheros visited the court of Pope
Around 1367, his first wife having died, he married Maria de Mimars, widow of the Cypriot
Avignon, Italy and Cyprus
After Peter's assassination in 1369, Kalopheros was persecuted by the regime of John of Lusignan.[15] In 1370, accused of having conspired with Eleanor, mother of the young king Peter II, he was arrested. The estates of his wife, which he had unlawfully retained, were confiscated.[16] Freed in 1371 or 1372, he left Cyprus to serve the Papacy in Avignon.[1][16]
In 1372 or 1373, Kalopheros contracted his third marriage to Lucie, daughter of
In 1379, Kalopheros visited
Kalopheros died on the island in 1392, before 2 September, when news of his death reached the
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Kazhdan 1991.
- ^ Loenertz 1970, pp. 130–131.
- ^ Before 1347, Maximos was an ally of Gregory Akindynos and opposed to Palamism. In 1347, he encountered Gregory Palamas on Mount Athos, and by 1350 was a Palamist. By 1355, he had returned to favouring the ecclesiastical union. See Ryder 2010, p. 166n, and Boehlke 1966, pp. 144–145.
- ^ a b Loenertz 1970, p. 131.
- ^ That his conversion was through the preaching of Pierre is known from a letter of Urban V addressed to Pierre (18 April 1365). A story told in Juan Carmesson's biography of Pierre relates how three Byzantines were converted after God appeared to pass judgement on one of Pierre's critics. These three may have been Kalopheros, his companion Angelos and Kydones. See Boehlke 1966, pp. 144–147.
- ^ a b c d Boehlke 1966, pp. 144–145.
- ^ Loenertz 1970, pp. 131–133.
- ^ a b c d e Loenertz 1970, pp. 133–134.
- ^ Iorga 1896, p. 280n.
- Leontios Makhairas. See Boehlke 1966, pp. 144–145 & 268.
- ^ Ryder 2010, p. 158n.
- ^ Edbury 1994, p. 177.
- ^ Iorga 1896, pp. 354 & 357.
- ^ Coureas 2018, p. 121.
- ^ a b c Edbury 1994, pp. 201–202.
- ^ a b Salzmann 2021, p. 54.
- ^ Thibault 1986, p. 54.
- ^ Thibault 1986, p. 43.
- ^ Jacoby 1968, p. 205.
- ^ Zečević 2016, p. 50.
- ^ Loenertz 1970, pp. 138–.
- ^ Per Jacoby 1968, p. 216; contra Salzmann 2021, pp. 41 & 54, who says that he left Cyprus permanently in 1372 and died in Morea. According to Iorga 1896, p. 280n, it was his son Erard who died in Morea in 1409. Loenertz 1970, pp. 137–138, says that Erard died in 1392, around the same time as his father.
- ^ Loenertz 1970, pp. 134–135 & 139.
- ^ Loenertz 1970, p. 138.
Bibliography
- Boehlke, Jr., Frederick J. (1966). Pierre de Thomas: Scholar, Diplomat, and Crusader. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 9781512800425.
- Coureas, Nicholas (2018). "The Perception and Evaluation of Foreign Soldiers in the Wars of King Peter I of Cyprus: The Evidence of the Cypriot Chronicles and Its Shortcomings". The Medieval Chronicle. 11: 108–126.
- Edbury, Peter W. (1994). Kingdom of Cyprus and the Crusades. Cambridge University Press.
- Eszer, Ambrosius K. (1969). Das abenteuerliche Leben des Johannes Laskaris Kalopheros: Forschungen zur Geschichte der ost-westlichen Beziehungen im 14. Jahrhundert. Harrassowitz.
- Iorga, Nicolae (1896). Philippe de Mézières (1327–1405) et la croisade au XIVe siècle. Émile Bouillon.
- Jacoby, David (1968). "Jean Lascaris Calophéros, Chypre et la Morée". Revue des études byzantines. 26: 189–228. .
- Jacoby, David (1971). "Review of Eszer 1969". Byzantinische Zeitschrift. 64 (2): 378–381.
- Kazhdan, Alexander (1991). "Kalopheros, John Laskaris". In ISBN 0-19-504652-8.
- Krekić, Bariša (1974). "Prilog biografiji Johannes-a Laskaris-a Kalopheros-a". Zbornik Filozofskog fakulteta u Beogradu. 12 (1): 405–414.
- .
- Ryder, Judith R. (2010). The Career and Writings of Demetrius Kydones: A Study of Fourteenth-Century Byzantine Politics, Religion and Society. Brill.
- Salzmann, Miriam Rachel (2021). Negotiating Power and Identities Latin, Greek and Syrian Élites in Fifteenth-Century Cyprus (PDF). Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums.
- Thibault, Paul R. (1986). Pope Gregory XI: The Failure of Tradition. University Press of America.
- Zečević, Nada (2016). The Tocco of the Greek Realm: Nobility, Power and Migration in Latin Greece (14th–15th Centuries). Makart.