Joseph Poliakoff
Joseph Poliakoff | |
|---|---|
Иосиф Поляков | |
Inventor | |
| Known for | Founder of Multitone Electronics |
| Spouse | Flora Shabbat |
| Children | Alexander Poliakoff |
| Relatives | Sir Martyn Poliakoff (grandson) Stephen Poliakoff (grandson) |
Joseph Lazarevich Poliakoff (Russian: Ио́сиф Ла́заревич Поляко́в; 24 April 1873 – 24 November 1959) was a Ukrainian-born British telephone and sound engineer and inventor, particularly of hearing aids.[3]
Poliakoff was a Ukrainian who experienced first-hand the communist revolution in Russia from the family's Moscow flat across from the Kremlin.[4] Near starvation after the revolution, he was given a government job as a district telephone inspector from an admiring commissar and he helped build Moscow's first automatic telephone exchange.[4] He then fled with his family from the Soviet Union to the UK in 1924.[5][6]
Poliakoff was a renowned inventor of electrical devices[7] whose many inventions included a selenium photograph telephony shutter in 1899 (US patent 700,083, 13 May 1902),[8][9] which, along with electrical sound amplification, allowed for synchronized audio on film, the radio volume control, a magnetic induction loop that allowed hearing-impaired people to hear in auditoriums or theatres,[10][11] and the paging beeper.[12]
He also founded the Multitone Electric Company of London, England in 1931 that produced hearing aid devices,[13] with their most prestigious client being Winston Churchill.[12] Poliakoff was managing director until 1938.[3]
He married Flora Shabbat, a granddaughter of a textile millionaire.[14] His son, Alexander Poliakoff (1910–1996) was chairman of Multitone Electronics for over 40 years,[14] and his grandsons are the chemist Sir Martyn Poliakoff and the dramatist/director Stephen Poliakoff.
References
- ^ 1939 England and Wales Register
- ^ England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858-1966, 1973-1995
- ^ a b ProQuest (2 January 1960). "Obituary: JOSEPH POLIAKOFF - ProQuest". Retrieved 12 April 2017 – via ProQuest.
- ^ a b Poliakoff, Stephen (28 May 2008). "Ringside at the revolution". The Guardian.
- ^ Wroe, Nicholas (27 November 2009). "A life in drama: Stephen Poliakoff". The Guardian.
- ^ Information, Reed Business (12 January 1978). New Scientist. p. 97. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
{{cite book}}:|first1=has generic name (help) - ^ Periodic Videos (27 October 2016). "Geissler Tubes – Periodic Table of Videos" – via YouTube.
- ^ Western Electrician. 1902. p. 382. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
- ^ The Electrical World and Engineer. 1901. p. 299. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
- ^ "Induction Loops Around the World Where are we? – Part I–Robert Traynor–Hearing International". Hearinghealthmatters.org. 29 November 2011. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
- ^ "Patent US2252641 – Method of and apparatus for the transmission of speech and other sounds - Google Patents". Google.com. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
- ^ a b Garvey, Alison (9 May 2011). "Marketing Content Company: Multitone, the inventor of the first paging system celebrates its 80th birthday today". Mccinternational.blogspot.com. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
- ^ "History of T-Coils—General Information". Hearingaidmuseum.com. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
- ^ a b Jeanne Vronskaya (30 July 1996). "Obituary: Alexander Poliakoff". The Independent. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
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