Journalism genres
The term "journalism genres" refers to various journalism styles, fields or separate genres, in writing accounts of events.
Ambush journalism
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Ambush journalism refers to aggressive tactics practiced by journalists to suddenly confront and question people who otherwise do not wish to speak to a journalist, in places such as homes, vacation spots, hallways, and parking lots.[1][2] Investigative reporter Steve Weinberg of the Missouri School of Journalism describes "ambush interview" as a loaded shorthand term describing the practice of reporters "catching source unaware, usually in a public place, then acting rudely."[3]
The practice was pioneered by
The propriety of "ambush" interviews is an issue in
Celebrity or people journalism
Celebrity journalism focused on celebrities and feeds off television soap operas, reality television, members of royal families, and the like. This type of reporting is associated with the tabloid press and the "ancillary industries of intrusive paparazzi and lucrative tip-offs."[6]
Churnalism
"Churnalism" is a term for journalism that relies on content from
Gonzo journalism
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Investigative journalism
Investigative journalism is a
Because of its high costs and inherently confrontational nature, this kind of reporting is often the first to suffer from budget cutbacks or interference from outside the news department. Investigative reporting done poorly can also expose journalists and media organizations to negative reactions from the subjects of investigations and the public, and accusations of gotcha journalism. When conducted correctly it can bring the attention of the public and government to problems and conditions that the public deem must be addressed, and can win awards and recognition to the journalists involved and the media outlet that did the reporting.[citation needed]
Local journalism
Local journalism covers topics often about the communities it serves. This model historically relied on local advertising, leading to some conflicts of interest and accusations of
New journalism
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New Journalism was the name given to a style of 1960s and 1970s news writing and journalism that used literary techniques deemed unconventional at the time. The term was codified with its current meaning by Tom Wolfe in a 1973 collection of journalism articles.
It is typified by using certain devices of literary fiction, such as conversational speech, first-person point of view, recording everyday details and telling the story using scenes. Though it seems undisciplined at first, new journalism maintains elements of reporting including strict adherence to factual accuracy and the writer being the primary source. To get "inside the head" of a character, the journalist asks the subject what they were thinking or how they felt.
Because of its unorthodox style, new journalism is typically employed in feature writing or book-length reporting projects.
Many new journalists are also writers of fiction and prose. In addition to Wolfe, writers whose work has fallen under the title "new journalism" include Norman Mailer, Hunter S. Thompson, Joan Didion, Truman Capote, George Plimpton and Gay Talese.
Opinion journalism
Opinion journalism is distinguished by a subjective viewpoint often expressing a political stance on a contemporary issue.[citation needed]
Science journalism
Science journalists must understand and interpret very detailed, technical and sometimes jargon-laden information and render it into interesting reports that are comprehensible to consumers of news media.[citation needed]
Scientific journalists also must choose which developments in science merit news coverage, as well as cover disputes within the scientific community with a balance of fairness to both sides but also with a devotion to the facts. Science journalism has frequently been criticized for exaggerating the degree of dissent within the scientific community on topics such as
Sports journalism
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Sports covers many aspects of human athletic competition, and is an integral part of most journalism products, including newspapers, magazines, and radio and television news broadcasts. While some critics don't consider sports journalism true journalism, the prominence of sports in Western culture has justified the attention of journalists to not just the competitive events in sports, but also to athletes and the business of sports.
Sports journalism in the United States has traditionally been written in a looser, more creative and more opinionated tone than traditional journalistic writing; the emphasis on accuracy and underlying fairness is still a part of sports journalism. An emphasis on the accurate description of the statistical performances of athletes is also an important part of sports journalism.
Other genres
- Advocacy journalism
- Citizen journalism
- Comics journalism
- Community journalism
- Data journalism
- Drone journalism
- Enterprise journalism
- Entertainment journalism
- Environmental journalism
- Fashion journalism
- Innovation journalism
- Medical journalism
- Nonprofit journalism
- Online journalism
- Participatory media
- Photojournalism
- Public service journalism
- Service journalism
- Social news
- Society reporting
- Solutions journalism
- Student journalism
- Tabloid journalism
- Trade journalism
- Video journalism
- Video game journalism
See also
References
- ^ , Huffington Post (May 25, 2011).
- ^ a b David Bauder (April 8, 2012), Mike Wallace, '60 Minutes' interrogator, dies, Associated Press, retrieved July 22, 2014,
"Mike Wallace is here to see you." The "60 Minutes" newsman had such a fearsome reputation that it was often said that those were the most dreaded words in the English language ... "60 Minutes" pioneered the use of "ambush interviews," with reporter and camera crew corralling alleged wrongdoers in parking lots, hallways, wherever a comment – or at least a stricken expression – might be harvested from someone dodging reporters' phone calls.
- ^ a b c Steve Weinberg, The Reporter's Handbook: An Investigator's Guide To Documents and Technique (St. Martin's: 3rd ed. 1996), p. 390.
- ^ Jim A. Kuypers, Partisan Journalism: A History of Media Bias in the United States (Rowman & Littlefield, 2013), pp. 108-09.
- Wadsworth, 2000), p. 136.
- ^ The Future of Quality News Journalism: A Cross-Continental Analysis (Routledge: 2014: eds. Peter J. Anderson, Michael Williams & George Ogola), p. 112.
- ^ Tony Harcup, Oxford Dictionary of Journalism (Oxford University Press, 2014), p. 53.
- ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Documenting America's Underbelly - ALL GAS NO BRAKES. YouTube.
- ^ "What are primary sources?". Yale Collections Collaborative Project. © 2008 Yale University. Archived from the original on 22 May 2016. Retrieved 27 August 2011.
- ^ Seward; Outreach editor at The Wall Street Journal, Zachary M. "DocumentCloud adds impressive list of investigative-journalism outfits". Project news. Harvard's Nieman Journalism Lab. Retrieved 27 August 2011.
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ignored (help) - ^ "Story-based inquiry; a manual for investigative journalists" (PDF). Manual. UNESCO Publishing. Retrieved 27 August 2011.
- ^ Golden, Daniel (2023-10-14). "Local Newspapers Are Vanishing. How Should We Remember Them?". ProPublica. Retrieved 2023-11-06.
- ^ Bauder, David (2021-11-18). "Independent websites team up to boost rural journalism". AP News. Retrieved 2023-07-25.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-07-25.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-11-06. Retrieved 2010-03-06.
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: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Ecmaj" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-29. Retrieved 2010-03-06.