Kim Hong-jip
Kim Hong-jip | |
---|---|
Prime Minister of Joseon | |
In office August 24, 1895 – February 11, 1896 | |
Monarch | Gojong |
Preceded by | Park Jeong-yang |
Succeeded by | Kim Byeong-si |
In office August 15, 1894 – May 28, 1895 | |
Monarch | Gojong |
Preceded by | new position |
Succeeded by | Park Jeong-yang |
Chief State Councillor | |
In office June 25, 1894 – August 20, 1894 | |
Preceded by | Kim Byeong-si |
Succeeded by | position abolished |
Left State Councillor | |
In office December 13, 1887 – May 1, 1888 | |
Preceded by | Kim Byeong-si |
Succeeded by | Kim Byeong-si |
In office October 1886 – October 1886 | |
Preceded by | Kim Byeong-si |
Succeeded by | Kim Byeong-si |
In office October 21, 1884 – January 12, 1885 | |
Preceded by | Sim Sun-taek |
Succeeded by | Kim Byeong-deok |
Right State Councillor | |
In office December 7, 1884 – December 8, 1884 | |
Preceded by | Sim Sun-taek |
Succeeded by | Kim Byeong-deok |
Personal details | |
Born | 1842 |
Died | February 11, 1896 | (aged 53–54)
Korean name | |
Hangul | 김홍집 |
Hanja | |
Revised Romanization | Gim Hongjip |
McCune–Reischauer | Kim Hongjip |
Art name | |
Hangul | 도원 |
Hanja | |
Revised Romanization | Dowon |
McCune–Reischauer | Towŏn |
Courtesy name | |
Hangul | 경능 |
Hanja | |
Revised Romanization | Gyeongneung |
McCune–Reischauer | Kyŏngnŭng |
Kim Hong-jip (Korean: 김홍집; 1842 – February 11, 1896) was a Korean politician best known for his role as prime minister during the Gabo Reform period from 1895–1896. His name was originally Kim Goeng-jip (김굉집) which he later changed to Kim Hong-jip. His father, Kim Yeong-jak, served as mayor of Kaesŏng in the Joseon Dynasty.
In 1880, Kim undertook an official mission to Japan where he learned first-hand of the modernizing reforms taking place in that country and inspiring in him a desire to effect such changes in Korea.[1] After the Gapsin Coup, he became the first vice-premier 'Jwauijeong' and entered into the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1885. Then, in 1896, Hong-jip was appointed as prime minister to suppress the Donghak Peasant Revolution. During this period, he abolished the caste system of the Joseon Dynasty and carried out an ordinance prohibiting topknots. After the assassination of Empress Myeongseong, "pro-Japan cabinet members like Kim and O Yun-jung were killed."[2]
Sightseeing and observation of Japan
In the summer of 1880, Kim went to Japan with Yun Ung-nyeol and Ji Seog-yeong. This party was called 'Susinsa'. Hong-jip's party took a Japanese ship, 'Chitose', and arrived at Tokyo in July 1880 where they observed and studied Japan's modernization carefully, their ideology becoming pro-Japanese. They agitated the Joseon to open Incheon's ports to trade, and claimed that the Japanese minister should reside in Joseon. They were also surprised at Japan's hygiene, railroad, and operation of steam trains and cars.[3]
After returning to Joseon, Hong-jip introduced
Return to Joseon and political activities
After returning to Joseon in 1882, Kim was re-appointed to the Joseon Dynasty because, at the time, the Joseon was confronted by many problems, including demanding trade from America and the aftermath of the
Hong-jip was then sent to
Kim cabinet
During the
The First Cabinet
July 23, 1894, Japanese troops
The Second Cabinet
December 17, 1894, Japan deposed Heungseon Daewongun and broke up the Gunguk Gimucheo.
The Third Cabinet
Kim's third cabinet was organized after the
The Fourth Cabinet
The Fourth Cabinet was Hong-jip's last cabinet. This cabinet was pro-Japanese. At first, Kim declined the position of minister, though the king
Later life
Pro-Japanese suspicion
Kim tried to change the legislative systems and garments of Joseon, and adopt the government structure of Japan. Also, he implemented a solar calendar and the postal system to Joseon. Those changes were influenced by Japan. According to one report, there were some assertions that Hong-jip held the additional post of Gungukkimucheo's master. During this period, he attracted Japanese ministers to his cabinet and empowered them.[8]
Attempted suicide
On October 8, 1895,
Then, Hong-jip replied to Kil-chun, "I know what you say. We endure all humiliation to the end for reformation and preservation of Joseon. However I do not forgive Japan for killing our queen. As a major and loyal servant, how can I granted an audience with king and our subjects? My situation is different from yours. You have an important mission which resolve this crisis and save our nation, but in my case, there is only way that kill myself."[9]
Persistently, Yu Kil-chun convinced Hong-jip and brought him to the royal court. At last, on October 9, 1895, the fourth cabinet was constructed.
Death
Kim's cabinet was a pro-Japanese cabinet. They implemented "the ordinance prohibiting topknots" which was a radical policy, leading many rebellions in Joseon. In 1896, Russophilia became more powerful. This caused '
References
- ^ Lee Ki-baek, down because he didn't follow Japanese way. Japan broke up 'Gungukkimucheo' and brought back Park Young-hyo who was in exile. So, The Second Cabinet was established as 'Kim and Park's' coalition cabinet. They wrote a doctrine, 'Hongbeom-14 articles', which proposed reforms. But Hong-jip resigned from ministerrby feuds with Park. ea. Translated by Edward W. Wagner with Edward J. Shultz (Seoul: Ichokak Publishers, 1984), p. 270.
- ^ Lee Ki-baek, A New History of Korea., op. cit., p. 300.
- ^ "한국근현대사사전(Korean Modern History Encyclopedia) : 수신사(Susinsa)".
- ^ "The Academy of Korean Studies(한국학중앙연구원):수신사(Susinsa)".
- ^ "두산백과(Doopedia) : 김홍집(Kim Hong-jip)".
- ^ "『고종시대사 6』(History of Gojong's Period 6) : 국사편찬위원회(National History Compilation Committee), 1969, 583p".
{{cite web}}
: Missing or empty|url=
(help) - ^ "The Academy of Korean Studies(한국학중앙연구원) : 김홍집(Kim Hong-jip)".
- ^ "한국근현대사사전(Korean Modern History Encyclopedia : 김홍집(Kim Hong-jip)".
- ^ "『유길준전』(A Book about Yoo kil-chun) : 유동준(Yoo Dong-jun). 일조각(Iljogak), 1997, 205p".
{{cite web}}
: Missing or empty|url=
(help) - ^ "네이버캐스트(Navercast) : 김홍집(Kim Hong-jip)".
- Kim Sang-ung(July 1, 1995).100 years of Pro-Japanese Politics. Seoul:East wind. p37
- Yoo Young-ik(1990).Research of Gabo Reform. Yiljogak.
- Global World Encyclopedia. (Policy of Enlightenment and reverbelation).