King Charles the Martyr
King Charles the Martyr | |
---|---|
St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, England | |
Feast | 30 January |
Patronage | Society of King Charles the Martyr |
King Charles the Martyr, or Charles, King and Martyr, is a title of
Reign
Charles I, head of the
Trial and execution
After the royalists were defeated by the Parliamentarians, Charles was
There is some historical debate over the identity of the man who beheaded the King, who was masked at the scene. It is known the regicides approached Richard Brandon, the common Hangman of London, but that he refused, and contemporary sources do not generally identify him as the King's headsman. Ellis's Historical Inquiries, however, name him as the executioner, reporting that he stated so before dying.[citation needed] It is possible he relented and agreed to do the deed, but there are others who have been identified. William Hewlett was tried for the murder after the Restoration and convicted. In 1661, two people identified as "Dayborne and Bickerstaffe" were arrested but then discharged. Henry Walker, a revolutionary journalist, or his brother William, were suspected but never charged. Various local legends around England name local figures.
According to
It was common practice for the head of a traitor to be held up and exhibited to the crowd with the words "Behold the head of a traitor!" Although Charles's head was exhibited, the words were not used. In an unprecedented gesture, one of the prominent leaders of the revolutionaries,
Martyrdom
Charles is regarded by many members of the Church of England as a
Both high church Anglicans and royalists fashioned an image of martyrdom,
Observance
The Calendar of the Book of Common Prayer included among the
A FORM OF PRAYER WITH FASTING,
To be used yearly on the Thirtieth of January,
Being the Day of the Martyrdom of the Blessed King CHARLES the First;
to implore the mercy of God, that neither the Guilt of that sacred and innocent Blood, nor those other sins, by which God was provoked to deliver up both us and our King into the hands of cruel and unreasonable men, may at any time hereafter be visited upon us or our posterity.
In 1859 the State Services were omitted from the Prayer Book by royal and parliamentary authority but without the consent of Convocation. Vernon Staley in 1907 described the deletion as ultra vires and "a distinct violation of the compact between Church and Realm, as set forth in the Act of Uniformity which imposed the Book of Common Prayer in 1662".[9] Of the three commemorations, only that of King Charles I has been restored in the calendar in the Alternative Service Book of 1980 – although not as a Red Letter Day – and a new collect composed for Common Worship in 2000.[10] The Society of King Charles the Martyr campaigns for restoration in England of the observance to the Book of Common Prayer. It is included in some of the calendars of other Churches of the Anglican Communion.
Dedications
There are Anglican churches and chapels dedicated to Charles King and Martyr in England, Scotland, Ireland, the United States, Australia, and South Africa.[11] The six in England are:[12]
- Church of King Charles the Martyr, Falmouth, Cornwall
- Church of King Charles the Martyr, Peak Forest, Derbyshire
- Church of King Charles the Martyr, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire
- Church of King Charles the Martyr, Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent
- Church of King Charles the Martyr, Newton-in-Wem, Shropshire
- Church of King Charles the Martyr, Shelland, Suffolk
Other churches include:
- Charles Church, Plymouth – not dedicated to Charles as martyr; Charles himself demanded it be named for himself for his financial support. Destroyed in the Blitz; only ruins remain.
- Chapel of the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham, Dublin, Ireland
- St Charles, King and Martyr Anglican Church, Huntsville, Alabama, US
Former dedications include the Tangier Garrison chapel in 17th-century English Tangier,[11] and a missionary chapel in Wakkanai established by United States Forces Japan personnel.[11][13]
See also
- Calves' Head Club, which celebrated 30 January in mockery of Charles's death
- Eikon Basilike
- "On the Martyrdom of King Charles I", sermon by Jonathan Swift
References
Citations
- ^ a b "Worship > Common Worship > The Calendar > Holy Days". Prayer & Worship. Church of England. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
- ^ Robertson, Geoffrey (2005). The Tyrannicide Brief. London: Random House. chapter 10.
- ^ Rushworth, J. Lockyer, R (ed.). The Trial of King Charles I. pp. 133–4.
- ^ Episcopal Church. Diocese of Eau Claire (1978). "annual convention". Journal of the Diocese of EAU Claire. The Diocese.
Whereas, as Bishop Creighton in 1895 said, 'Had Charles been willing to abandon the Church and give up the episcopacy, he might have saved his throne and his life, but on this point he stood firm. For this dying, saved it for the future'
- ^ "76. The Engagement between the King and the Scots". 26 December 1647. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
- ISBN 0-582-07034-1
- ISBN 9780191642449.
In 1660 the convocations of Canterbury and York canonized King Charles.
- ^ "The Calendar". The Church of England. Retrieved 2021-04-10.
- ^ Staley 1907, pp. 76–77
- ISBN 9780715121122.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - ^ a b c "Cult; Churches and Chapels of S.Charles, King and Martyr". SKCM. 2 December 2011. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
- ^ "Suffolk Churches". www.suffolkchurches.co.uk. Retrieved 2021-02-22.
- ^ Hubble, H. Robert (27 September 1959). "Wakkanai Mission". The Living Church. 139 (13). Morehouse-Gorham: 11. Retrieved 15 February 2020.; Hubble, H. Robert (3 January 1960). "Letters; Thoughtful Readers". The Living Church. 140 (1). Morehouse-Gorham: 4. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
Sources
- Primary
- "[22 Vict. c.2] An Act to repeal certain Acts and Parts of Acts which relate to the Observance of the Thirtieth of January and other Days". A collection of the public general statutes passed in the 22nd year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria. Eyre and Spottiswoode. 1859. pp. 2–3. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
- "30. A Form of Prayer for the Thirtieth Day of January". The Book of Common Prayer. W. Baxter. 1825. pp. 834–841. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
- Secondary
- Hefling, Charles (2006-07-01). "The State Services". In Hefling, Charles; Shattuck, Cynthia (eds.). The Oxford Guide to The Book of Common Prayer: A Worldwide Survey. Oxford University Press. pp. 73–75. ISBN 9780199723898. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
- Lacey, Andrew (2003). The Cult of King Charles the Martyr. Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 9780851159225. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
- Staley, Vernon (1907). "The Commemoration of King Charles the Martyr". Liturgical studies. London: Longmans, Green. pp. 66–83. Retrieved 6 November 2016.