King Tubby

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King Tubby
Background information
Birth nameOsbourne Ruddock
Born(1941-01-28)28 January 1941
OriginKingston, Jamaica
Died6 February 1989(1989-02-06) (aged 48)
Kingston, Jamaica
Genres
Occupation(s)
Sound engineer, producer
Years active1968–1989
LabelsFirehouse, Kingston 11, Waterhouse, Taurus

Osbourne Ruddock

sound engineer who influenced the development of dub in the 1960s and 1970s.[3]

Tubby's studio work, which saw him elevate the role of the mixing engineer to a creative fame previously only reserved for composers and musicians, would prove to be influential across many genres of popular music. He is often cited as the inventor of the concept of the remix that later became ubiquitous in dance and electronic music production. Singer Mikey Dread stated, "King Tubby truly understood sound in a scientific sense. He knew how the circuits worked and what the electrons did. That's why he could do what he did".[3]

Career

King Tubby's first interaction with the music industry came in the late 1950s with the rising popularity of Jamaican

toaster.[7]

Remixes

Tubby began working as a disc cutter for producer

toasters, he initially worked to remove the vocal tracks with the faders on Reid's mixing desk, but soon discovered that the various instrumental tracks could be accentuated, reworked and emphasised through the settings on the mixer and early effects units.[2] In time, Tubby began to create wholly new pieces of music by shifting the emphasis in the instrumentals, adding sounds and removing others and adding various special effects, like extreme delays, echoes, reverb and phase effects.[3] Partly due to the popularity of these early remixes, in 1971, Tubby's soundsystem consolidated its position as one of the most popular in Kingston and Tubby decided to open a studio of his own in Waterhouse in 1971, initially using a 4-track mixer purchased from Byron Lee's Dynamic studio.[4][6]

Dub music production

King Tubby's production work in the 1970s made him one of the best-known celebrities in Jamaica, and generated interest in his production techniques from producers, sound engineers and musicians across the world. Tubby built on his knowledge of electronics to repair, adapt and design his own studio equipment, which made use of a combination of old devices and new technologies to produce a studio capable of the precise, atmospheric sounds which would become Tubby's trademark. With a variety of effects units connected to his mixer, Tubby "played" the mixing desk like an instrument, bringing instruments and vocals in and out of the mix to create an entirely new genre known as dub music.[3] By the end of 1971 he was already providing dub mixes for producers such as Glen Brown and Lee "Scratch" Perry.[4]

Using existing

parametric EQ which was controllable by a large knob—a.k.a. the "big knob"—which allowed Tubby to introduce a dramatic narrowing sweep of any signal, such as the horns, until the sound disappeared into a thin squeal.[citation needed
]

Tubby engineered/remixed songs for Jamaica's top producers such as Lee Perry,

B-side labels, with the possibility that many others were by his hand yet uncredited, due to similarities with his known work. Several albums of Tubby's dub mixes were released, among the earliest the Perry-produced Blackboard Jungle and Bunny Lee's Dub from the Roots (both 1974).[4]

His most famous dub and one of the most popular dubs of all time was "

King Tubby Meets Rockers Uptown
.

By the later part of the 1970s, King Tubby had mostly retired from music, still occasionally mixing dubs and tutoring a new generation of artists, including King Jammy and perhaps his greatest protege, Hopeton Brown a.k.a. Scientist.[4] In the 1980s, he built a new, larger studio in the Waterhouse neighbourhood of Kingston with increased capabilities, and focused on the management of his labels Firehouse, Waterhouse, Kingston 11, and Taurus, which released his productions of Anthony Red Rose, Sugar Minott, Conroy Smith, King Everald and other popular musicians.[4][6]

Death

King Tubby was shot dead on 6 February 1989, outside his home in Duhaney Park, Kingston, upon returning from a session at his Waterhouse studio. His untimely death was believed to be the outcome of a robbery.[4][8]

Discography

With Augustus Pablo

With The Aggrovators

  • Shalom Dub (1975, Klik)
  • Dubbing in the Backyard (1982, Black Music)

With
Prince Jammy

With Prince Jammy and Scientist

  • First, Second and Third Generation of Dub (1981, KG Imperial)

With Lee "Scratch" Perry

  • Upsetter Records
    )
  • King Tubby Meets the Upsetter at the Grass Roots of Dub (1974, Fay Music/Total Sounds)

With Bunny Lee

  • Dub from the Roots (Total Sounds, 1974, Total Sounds)
  • Creation of Dub (1975, Total Sounds)
  • The Roots of Dub (a.k.a. Presents the Roots of Dub) (1975, Grounation/Total Sounds)

Other collaborations

  • Niney the Observer – Dubbing with the Observer (1975, Observer/Total Sounds)
  • Harry Mudie – In Dub Conference Volumes One, Two & Three (1975, 1977 & 1978 Moodisc Records)
  • Larry Marshall – Marshall (1975, Marshall/Java Record)
  • Yabby You – King Tubby's Prophecy of Dub (a.k.a. Prophecy of Dub) (1976, Prophets)
  • Roots Radics – Dangerous Dub (1981, Copasetic)
  • Waterhouse Posse – King Tubby the Dubmaster with the Waterhouse Posse (1983, Vista Sounds)
  • Sly & Robbie
    – Sly and Robbie Meet King Tubby (1984, Culture Press)

Compilations

  • King Tubby & The Aggrovators – Dub Jackpot (1990, Attack)
  • King Tubby & Friends – Dub Gone Crazy - The Evolution of Dub at King Tubby's 1975-1979 (1994, Blood & Fire)
  • King Tubby & The Aggrovators & Bunny Lee – Bionic Dub (1995, Lagoon)
  • King Tubby & The Aggrovators & Bunny Lee – Straight to I Roy Head 1973–1977 (1995, Lagoon)
  • King Tubby & Scientist – At Dub Station (1996, Burning Sounds)
  • King Tubby & Scientist – In a World of Dub (1996, Burning Sounds)
  • King Tubby & Glen Brown – Termination Dub (1973-79) (1996, Blood & Fire)
  • King Tubby & Soul Syndicate – Freedom Sounds In Dub (1996, Blood & Fire)
  • King Tubby & Friends - Crucial Dub (2000, Delta)
  • King Tubby & The Aggrovators – Foundation of Dub (2001, Trojan)
  • King Tubby – Dub Fever (2002, Music Digital)
  • African Brothers Meet King Tubby – In Dub (2005, Nature Sounds)
  • King Tubby - Hometown Hi-Fi (Dubplate Specials 1975-1979) (2013, Jamaican Recordings)

References

  1. ^ Stratton, Jeff (3 March 2005). "Dub from the Roots". Miami New Times. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  2. ^
    ISBN 0-85112-939-0
    .
  3. ^
    ISBN 1-904041-96-5
    .
  4. ^
    ISBN 0-87930-655-6
    , pp. 138–141
  5. ^ "King Jammy interview", BBC, 2005. Retrieved 30 April 2016
  6. ^ a b c d e Bonitto, Brian (2012) "King Tubby, the sound creator Archived 30 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine", Jamaica Observer, 6 July 2012, retrieved 13 July 2012
  7. ISBN 978-0857120359
    . Retrieved 22 June 2020.
  8. ^ "Icon – King Tubby reigns". Jamaica Gleaner News. 25 March 2008. Retrieved 30 April 2016.

External links

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