Kongens Enghave
Kongens Enghave ("king's meadow"), commonly known as Sydhavnen ("south harbour") or the
The area has historically been a
Transport
The central parts of Sydhavnen are served by
A
Geography
Kongens Enghave covers an area of 4.46 km2, has a population of 15,414 and a population density of 3,455 per km2 (2008). It used to be one of 15 administrative districts of Copenhagen, but since an administrative reform in 2006-08, it has been part of the official district of Vesterbro/Kongens Enghave.[1]
Kongens Enghave is bounded by the Carlsberg area to the north, Vesterbro to the north-east and Valby to the west, while Copenhagen Harbour to the east and south separates it from Amager Vest.
History
Early history
Kongens Enghave is first mentioned in 1632. The area was used for harvesting of hay for the royal stables at Copenhagen Castle. In 1776, a small plague hospital was built on Kalvebod Beach. The name Frederiksholm is first seen in 1667–68 when large areas on the coast were reclaimed and drained.[2]
The history of the district dates back to 1795 when the old Enghavevej was built, running all the way from Vesterbrogade to Gammel Køge Landevej by way of present-day Sydhavns Plads and Mozarts Plads. The land was divided into 22 estates at the same event.[3]
From about 1900, a few country houses and farmsteads were built along the road: Frederiksholm, "Larsens Minde", Lises Minde, Frederikslund, Wilhelms Minde as well as a few small cottages, mainly used by fishermen and hunters. Frederiksholm, the only of these houses that still exist today, was built by king Frederick VI. The estate covered about 50 hectares, about half of which was gardens and the remainder meadows. In 1834, it kept about 40 cows and 10 horses. From the 1870s, it served as residence for the manager of Frederiksholm Brickworks. [4]
New enterprises
Copenhagen's city walls were decommissioned in 1857, leading to new development in the area.
Karens Minde, a mental institution, was opened by Johan Keller in 1876. Vestre Prison opened in 1895.[6]
20th century urbanization
In the beginning of the 20th century, Port of Copenhagen was expanded with extensive docklands with many industrial enterprises in the area. Otto Mønsted opened a margarine factory in 1911. It was joined by Lemvig Møller & Munch and Sømderværftet (1818), a subsidiary of Københavns Flydeværft & Skibsdok. Burmeister & Wain established an iron foundry in the area in 1920 and took over Sønderværftet in 1926. In 1924 Ford Motor Company moved its assembly plant from Nørrebro to the Southern Docklands.[7] The factory was designed by Albert Kahn and opened on 15 November 1924.[8]
The Kongens Enghave district developed around the heavy industry of the Southern Docklands. The residential areas were built to satisfy a demand for housing for the workers and it has thus always been considered a working class neighbourhood.
The Ford assembly plant closed in 1965 and most of the remaining industry disappeared in the 1970s and 80s. Gradually, Kongens Enghave gained a reputation for being the area in Denmark with most people on social welfare, the lowest education rate and life expectancy and high incidence of all major social problems.[9]
21st century
In the 1990s, companies such as Nokia, Philips and TDC established in the area. In 2002 a masterplan was adopted for redevelopment of the Southern Docklands. It was created by Copenhagen Municipality, By & Havn and Sjoerd Soeters. This redevelopment, which is still ongoing, has attracted new residents. Dramatically rising real-estate prices and a shortage of cheap accommodation in Copenhagen during the last half of the 1990s and the first half of the 2000s have also drawn new income groups and students to the area. In 2011, Nokia closed their large R&D department in Copenhagen with more than 1,000 employees. Their buildings now house an Aalborg University campus.
Kongens Enghave today
The parts of Kongens Enghave attracting most attention today are the redeveloped harbour-front areas of Sluseholmen and Teglholmen. In particular, the Sluseholmen Canal District is generally recognized as one of the most successful new neighbourhoods in Copenhagen, for which it won the 2009 Danish Urban Planning Award.[10]
The most important
A cluster of Danish headquarters of multinational companies such as
Transport
There are two
Copenhagen Harbour Buses lines 991 and 992 serve Sluseholmen and Teglholmen.
There are also regular buses connecting from Mozarts Plads, Sluseholmen and Teglholmen to the city centre.
A metro line, the
Attractions
- Vestre Cemetery
- Sluseholmen Canal District
- Boldklubben Frem
References
- ^ "Københavns bydele". Københavns Kommune. Archived from the original on 2009-05-10. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
- ^ "ÅRSTALSLISTE for Kongens Enghaves Lokalhistorie" (in Danish). Kongens Enghave Lokalarkiv. Retrieved 2014-01-06.
- ^ "Kongens Enghaves Historie" (in Danish). Kongens Enghave Lokalarkiv. Retrieved 2010-01-04.
- ^ "Frederiksholm" (in Danish). Kongens Enghave Lokalhistoriske Arkiv. Retrieved 2013-10-01.
- ^ "Sidste sang om Sydhavnen" (in Danish). Valby Bladet. Retrieved 2013-09-01.
- ^ "ÅRSTALSLISTE for Kongens Enghaves Lokalhistorie" (in Danish). Kongens Enghave Lokalarkiv. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
- ^ "Sydhavnens industrielle udvikling gennem 130 år". Diesel House (in Danish). Retrieved 19 March 2015.
- ^ "Københavns sydhavn var krumtappen i det danske bileventyrFilmdatabase". Ingeniøren (in Danish). Retrieved 19 March 2015.
- ^ "Udstødningshavnen". Information. Retrieved 2009-10-16.
- ^ "SLUSEHOLMEN VINDER BYPLANPRISEN 2009". By & Havn. Retrieved 2009-10-16.
- ^ "BCG 48 - Sydhavnen, København". Skanska. Retrieved 2009-10-16.