Lý Nam Đế
| Lý Nam Đế 李南帝 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vạn Xuân | |||||||||||||
| Reign | 544–548 | ||||||||||||
| Successor | Triệu Việt Vương | ||||||||||||
| Born | 17 October 503 Phổ Yên, Thái Nguyên, Liang China | ||||||||||||
| Died | 13 April 548 Tam Nông, Phú Thọ, Vạn Xuân | ||||||||||||
| Consort | Hứa Trinh Hòa | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| Dynasty | Early Lý dynasty | ||||||||||||
| Father | Lý Cạnh | ||||||||||||
| Mother | Lê Thị Oánh | ||||||||||||
Lý Nam Đế (chữ Hán: 李南帝, c. 503 – 13 April 548), personal name Lý Bí or Lý Bôn (李賁), was the founder of the Early Lý dynasty of Vietnam, ruling from 544 to 548.[2]
Overview
Lý Bôn (李賁, sometimes read as Lý Bí) was a local aristocrat whose far distant ancestors were Chinese refugees who fled
During this time China was experiencing constant
Further in his life
Lý Nam Đế established his capital at Long Biên (modern-day Hanoi), surrounded himself with effective leadership in military and administrative scholars. Lý Nam Đế was also strongly supported by famous military commanders such as Phạm Tu, Triệu Túc, Tinh Thiều, and Triệu Quang Phục, (son of Triệu Tuc, later known as Triệu Việt Vương).[citation needed] The latter emerged as a hero in Vietnamese history and eventually succeeded Lý Nam Đế as ruler in 548. Lý Nam Đế built many fortresses at strategic locations throughout Vạn Xuân to fend off potential threats from Han in the north and from the Champa Kingdom in the south.[citation needed] He also established the first national university for scholars, implemented land reforms, and promoted literacy amongst the population. He laid the foundation for many reforms modeled after the Chinese social structure.[citation needed]
However, the new state was not long at peace. In October of 544 the Liang dynasty sent an army to reoccupy Jiaozhou and put down the rebellion, led by general
By April 548, while suffering from serious disease for months, Lý Nam Đế died somewhere in Northwest Vietnam between the Red and the Black River when local Qiūlǎo (鳩獠) or the Qūlǎo (屈獠) tribesmen assassinated him in hope of warding off the invading Liang army.[11] His immediate successor was Triệu Quang Phục (thereafter known as Triệu Việt Vương, which means Trieu Viet King).[12] The new king continued the resistance and eventually drove the Chinese out from Vạn Xuân in 550. Although China had occupied and would continue to occupy Vietnam for approximately 1,000 years, Lý Nam Đế had successfully established a state that had given Northern Vietnam approximately 60 years of independence.[citation needed]
Anterior Lý dynasty
- Lý Nam Đế I (r. 542–548)
- Lý Thiên Bảo (r. 548–555, co-reigned with Triệu Quang Phục)
- Triệu Việt Vương (r. 548–571, 555–571 as sole ruler)
- Lý Nam Đế II(r. 571–602)
References
- ^ Churchman 2016, p. 116.
- ISBN 0-7946-0070-0.
- ^ Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư "Former Southern Emperor Lý" text: "帝姓李，諱賁，龍興太平人也。其先北人，西漢末苦於征伐避居土，七世遂爲南人。" translation: "The Emperor's surname is Lý, taboo name Bí/Bôn, he was a man from Long Hưng, Thái Bình . His ancestors were northerners. At the end of the Western Han era, they fled conquests and massacres [then] dwelt [in this] land. By the seventh generations they became southerners through-and-through."
- ^ Taylor (1983), p. 135
- ^ Churchman 2016, pp. 116–117.
- ^ Churchman 2016, p. 30.
- ^ Churchman 2016, p. 204.
- ^ Taylor 1983, p. 138.
- ^ Churchman 2016, p. 134.
- ^ Taylor 1983, p. 152.
- ^ Churchman 2016, pp. 87–88.
- ^ Taylor 1983, p. 151. The character of Trieu Quang Phuc was not recorded by any contemporary Chinese sources.
Bibliography
- Churchman, Catherine (2016). The People Between the Rivers: The Rise and Fall of a Bronze Drum Culture, 200–750 CE. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-1-442-25861-7.
- Taylor, Keith Weller (1983). The Birth of the Vietnam. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-07417-0.