L3 experiment
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ALEPH | Apparatus for LEP PHysics |
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DELPHI | DEtector with Lepton, Photon and Hadron Identification |
OPAL | Omni-Purpose Apparatus for LEP |
L3 | Third LEP experiment |
The L3 experiment
Detector
The L3-detector was a multi-layered cylindrical set of different devices, each of them measuring physical quantities relevant to the reconstruction of the collision under study. Starting from the centre, close to the pipe where electrons and positrons circulate and collide, there were first the Silicon strip Microvertex Detector (SMD)
Calorimeters are dense and stop most particles, measuring their energy. A set of
The outermost layer contained the magnet that generated, inside the detector, a magnetic field about 10,000 times the average field on the surface of the Earth. This field deflected the charged particles which crossed it and the curvature of this deflection was a way of reconstructing the energy of the particles.
Another important part of the detector were the two luminosity monitors,[7] placed along the beam on both sides of the interaction point. They measured the "luminosity" of the beam, which is a way of quantifying the rate of interactions produced.[8]
References
- ^ [1] Technical proposal : L3 (Report CERN-LEPC-83-5)
- ^ [2] Herwig Schopper, LEP - The Lord of the Collider Rings at CERN 1980-2000 : The Making, Operation and Legacy of the World's Largest Scientific Instrument, Springer 2009.
- ^ [3] Martin W. Grünewald; H. Schopper; SpringerMaterials; sm_lbs_978-3-540-74203-6_6 (Springer-Verlag GmbH, Heidelberg, 2008)accessed: 21-08-2015 corresponding to the publication Landolt-Boernstein I 21A: Elementary particles* 6
- ^ CERN Website, CERN.
- ^ [4] The L3 silicon microvertex detector, Nucl.Instrum.Meth. A351 (1994) 300-312
- ^ [5] L. Zehnder, Time Expansion Chamber : Konstruktion der Vertexkammer für das L3 Experiment am LEP, PhD thesis ETH Zurich 1991
- ^ [6] Luminosity measurement in the L3 detector at LEP, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A 381 (1996) 236-266
- ^ L3 Website, CERN.