Lauritz Sand
Lauritz Sand | |
---|---|
Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav | |
Spouse(s) |
Annie Elisabeth Maria Moll
(m. 1911) |
Other work | Topographer, estate owner in the Dutch East Indies, business man |
Lauritz Sand (1 October 1879 – 17 December 1956) was a Norwegian topographer, military officer in the Dutch army, estate owner in the
Early and personal life
Sand was born in Trondheim, as a son of Fritz Julius Sand and his wife Anna Bergithe Kavli. He studied architecture at Stockholms tekniske skole in Sweden from 1897 to 1899. Architecture was not his main interest, and he wanted to be an artist.[1][2] He tried his way as a sculptor at the age of nineteen, but received negative criticism, and then immediately started on a military career. He married Dutch citizen Annie Elisabeth Maria Moll in Java in 1911.[3]
Career
Military and plantation career
Sand had a military career in the
World War II
Sand returned to Norway in 1938, settling at Bekkestua.[4] When the war broke out, he became a pioneer in the resistance work. He was active in several areas, but eventually focused on intelligence, particularly photographing and mapping of German military installations.[5] His network, which among others included military officers John Hagle and Eivind Hjelle, developed into the clandestine organisation XU. The name XU (X=unknown, U=undercover agent) was taken from an undercover group Sand had run in the Dutch East Indies during World War I.[6] Sand distinguished himself amongst the early resistance as "dynamic and outward, with temperament and inspiration."[7]
Sand was arrested in September 1941,
Sand was haunted by pains, stress, nightmares and hallucinations after the liberation, but worked for war veterans for the rest of his life.
References
- ^ a b c d Moland, Arnfinn. "Lauritz Sand". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 1 June 2009.
- Store norske leksikon(in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 1 June 2009.
- ^ ISBN 82-996193-0-0.
- ^ a b c Espeland, 2002: p. 113
- ^ ISBN 82-02-14138-9. Retrieved 1 June 2009.
- ^ ISBN 978-82-521-6998-0.
- ISBN 82-03-11421-0.
- ^ Gjertsen, Børre G., ed. (1946). "796. Sand, Lauritz Andreas". Norsk fangeleksikon. Grinifangene (in Norwegian). Oslo: Cappelen. p. 31.
- ^ Pryser, Tore (28 January 2007). "Kvinner i hemmelig tjeneste". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Retrieved 1 June 2009.
- ^ Kraglund, 1990: p. 85
- ^ Lange, August (1947). "Gamle Grini". In August Lange, Johan Schreiner (ed.). Griniboken (in Norwegian). Vol. 1. Oslo: Gyldendal. pp. 58–62.
- ^ Wåle, Helge (1947). "1942-1943. Fanger på flyttefot". In August Lange, Johan Schreiner (ed.). Griniboken (in Norwegian). Vol. 1. Oslo: Gyldendal. pp. 232–239.
- ^ Berner, Jørgen (1947). "Sykeavdelingen på Grini 1941-1943". In August Lange, Johan Schreiner (ed.). Griniboken (in Norwegian). Vol. 2. Oslo: Gyldendal. pp. 145–154.
- ^ a b c Espeland, 2002: p. 114