Trondheim
Trondheim | |
---|---|
City | |
3rd/4th | |
• Metro rank | 4th |
Demonym(s) | Trondheimer, Trondhjemmer, |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
Website | www |
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1769 | 11,315 | — |
1951 | 56,582 | +400.1% |
1960 | 59,286 | +4.8% |
1970 | 126,190 | +112.8% |
1980 | 134,726 | +6.8% |
1990 | 137,346 | +1.9% |
2000 | 148,859 | +8.4% |
2010 | 171,540 | +15.2% |
2014 | 183,960 | +7.2% |
2022 | 211,106 | +14.8% |
Source: Statistics Norway[3][4] |
Trondheim (
The settlement was founded in 997 as a trading post and served as the capital of Norway from the
Trondheim has a mild climate for its northerly latitude, resulting in moderate summers and winters that often remain above the freezing point in seaside areas. At higher elevations, though, the microclimate is colder and snowier.
The city functions as the seat of the County Mayor of
Trondheim is home to
Names and etymology
The city was established in 997 by
During the late
On 21 December 1917, a
Trondheim was briefly named Drontheim during the
History
Trondheim was named Kaupangen (English: market place or trading place) by
People have lived in the region for thousands of years, as evidenced by the
From 1152, Trondheim was the seat of the Archbishop of Nidaros for Norway, which operated from the Archbishop's Palace. Due to the introduction of Lutheran Protestantism in 1537, the last archbishop, Olav Engelbrektsson, had to flee from the city to the Netherlands; he died in what today is Lier, Belgium.
From the 16th through the 19th centuries, the city was repeatedly ravaged by fires that caused widespread damage since many of its buildings were made of wood. The worst occurred in 1598, 1651, 1681, 1708, 1717 (twice), 1742, 1788, 1841 and 1842. The 1651 fire destroyed 90% of all buildings within the city limits. After the "Horneman Fire" in 1681, there was an almost total reconstruction of the city, overseen by General Johan Caspar von Cicignon, originally from Luxembourg. Broad avenues, such as Munkegata, were created, without regard for private property rights, to limit the damage from future fires. At the time, the city had a population of under 10,000 inhabitants, with most living in the downtown area.[17][citation needed]
After the Treaty of Roskilde on 26 February 1658, Trondheim and the rest of Trøndelag became Swedish territory briefly. However, the area was reconquered 10 months later. The conflict was finally settled by the Treaty of Copenhagen on 27 May 1660.
During the
Municipal history
The city of Trondheim was established on 1 January 1838 (see
Coat of arms and seal
The coat of arms dates back to the 13th century. To the left, there is an archbishop with his staff and mitre in a church archway. On the right, a crowned king holding scales in a castle archway. These two pictures rest on a base which forms an arch. Underneath that arch, are three male heads which symbolise the city's rank as Norway's first capital and the archbishop's place of residence. The scales symbolise justice and the motif is based on the political philosophy of the 13th century, where the balance of power between king and church was an important issue. The three heads at the bottom may symbolise the city council. The motif is unique in Norwegian municipal heraldry, but similar motifs are found in bishopric cities on the continent. The design of the coat-of-arms that was adopted in 1897, and is still used today, was made by Håkon Thorsen.[22]
Geography
Trondheim is situated where the River Nidelva meets Trondheim Fjord with an excellent harbour and sheltered condition. In the Middle Ages the river was deep enough to be navigable by most boats. However, in the mid-17th century, an avalanche of mud and stones made it less navigable, and partly ruined the harbour. The municipality's highest elevation is the
Climate
Trondheim city has an oceanic climate (Cfb) or humid continental climate (Dfb), depending on the winter threshold used (−3 °C or 0 °C). The part of the municipality further away from the fjord has slightly colder winters, while the part close to the fjord has the mildest winters. Trondheim is mostly sheltered from the strong south and southwesterly winds which can occur along the outer seaboard but is more exposed to northwesterly winds. As with the rest of Norway, the weather is dependent on the weather pattern. High pressure over Central Norway or to the east gives sunny weather which can last for weeks. Conversely, Atlantic Lows can also dominate for weeks, and both patterns can happen all year. This was demonstrated in 2020 when May saw northwesterlies with cold air from the Greenland Sea lasting three weeks into the month, and snowfall in mid-May, setting a new record for snow in May. The next month, high pressure and weeks with southeasterlies gave the warmest June on record, with 345 sun hours and Trondheim Airport recording a new record high 34.3 °C (94 °F), Norway's warmest high in 2020. Trondheim experiences moderate snowfall from November to March,[24] but mixed with mild weather and rainfall. There are on average 14 days each winter with at least 25 cm (10 in) of snow cover on the ground and 22 days with a daily minimum temperature of −10 °C (14 °F) or less (1971–2000, airport). There is often more snow and later snowmelt in suburban areas at a higher elevation, with good skiing conditions in Bymarka. All the monthly record lows are from 1955 or older, with half of them from before 1920. The last overnight frost in June was in 1958, and the coldest night in May after year 2000 had low −2.7 °C. The May record low is from 1900, 3.7 °C colder than the second coldest May night. The all-time low −26 °C (−14.8 °F) was recorded February 1899. The all-time high 35 °C (95 °F) was recorded 22 July 1901. The warmest month on record is July 2014 with mean 19.5 °C (67.1 °F) and average daily high 24.9 °C (76.8 °F) (airport). The coldest month on record is February 1966 with mean −9.9 °C (14.2 °F) and average daily low −14.2 °C (6.4 °F) (airport). The average date for the last overnight freeze (low below 0 °C (32.0 °F)) in spring is 1 May [25] and average date for first freeze in autumn is 9 October[26] giving a frost-free season of 160 days (Trondheim Airport Værnes 1981-2010 average). The earliest weather stations were located closer to the city centre, from 1945 onwards the weather station has been located at a higher elevation (Voll, 127 m and Tyholt, 113 m), therefore being slightly colder. A new sunrecorder was established by met.no in the city at Gløshaugen (NTNU) December 2015, recording more sunhrs than earlier sunrecorder, which had terrain blocking issues.[27] There are on average 229 sunhours in July (based 2016–2020).[28] Trondheim recorded 197 sunhours in October 2016 beating the previous national record for October. In April 2019, Trondheim recorded 308 sunhours, setting a new national record for April.[29][30] In contrast, December 2016 only recorded 10 sunhours.
Climate data for Trondheim Airport Værnes 1991–2020 (12 m, extremes 1946–2020, sunhrs 2016–2020)
| |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 13.7 (56.7) |
13.8 (56.8) |
15.7 (60.3) |
23.3 (73.9) |
27.9 (82.2) |
34.3 (93.7) |
33.5 (92.3) |
31.3 (88.3) |
27.9 (82.2) |
22.1 (71.8) |
16.1 (61.0) |
13.1 (55.6) |
34.3 (93.7) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1.9 (35.4) |
2.0 (35.6) |
4.6 (40.3) |
9.3 (48.7) |
13.8 (56.8) |
17.1 (62.8) |
19.8 (67.6) |
19.1 (66.4) |
15.0 (59.0) |
9.3 (48.7) |
4.7 (40.5) |
2.3 (36.1) |
9.9 (49.8) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −1 (30) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
1 (34) |
5.1 (41.2) |
9.2 (48.6) |
12.6 (54.7) |
15.2 (59.4) |
14.6 (58.3) |
11 (52) |
5.8 (42.4) |
1.7 (35.1) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
6.1 (43.0) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.1 (24.6) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
1.4 (34.5) |
5.3 (41.5) |
8.9 (48.0) |
11.4 (52.5) |
11.0 (51.8) |
7.8 (46.0) |
2.9 (37.2) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
2.8 (37.0) |
Record low °C (°F) | −25.6 (−14.1) |
−25.5 (−13.9) |
−23.0 (−9.4) |
−13.9 (7.0) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
2.3 (36.1) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
−10.8 (12.6) |
−19.0 (−2.2) |
−23.5 (−10.3) |
−25.6 (−14.1) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 64.6 (2.54) |
63.9 (2.52) |
61.3 (2.41) |
42.1 (1.66) |
52.7 (2.07) |
76.1 (3.00) |
74.4 (2.93) |
82.8 (3.26) |
88.9 (3.50) |
77 (3.0) |
64.4 (2.54) |
75 (3.0) |
823.2 (32.43) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 13 | 13 | 13 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 11 | 14 | 149 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 34 | 71 | 124 | 205 | 236 | 234 | 229 | 167 | 130 | 116 | 46 | 16 | 1,608 |
Source 1: Seklima [31][full citation needed] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: NOAA-WMO averages 91-2020 Norway [32] |
Climate data for Trondheim 1981–2010 (Voll, 127 m, extremes 1870–present includes earlier stations, sunhrs 2016–2020 Gløshaugen/met.no) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 13.5 (56.3) |
12.6 (54.7) |
14.6 (58.3) |
22.0 (71.6) |
26.9 (80.4) |
31.2 (88.2) |
35.0 (95.0) |
30.4 (86.7) |
26.0 (78.8) |
21.8 (71.2) |
15.4 (59.7) |
13.2 (55.8) |
35.0 (95.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1.2 (34.2) |
1.8 (35.2) |
4.2 (39.6) |
8.8 (47.8) |
13.7 (56.7) |
16.3 (61.3) |
19.0 (66.2) |
18.0 (64.4) |
14.6 (58.3) |
8.9 (48.0) |
4.7 (40.5) |
2.1 (35.8) |
9.4 (49.0) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.3 (29.7) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
0.7 (33.3) |
4.8 (40.6) |
9.1 (48.4) |
12.1 (53.8) |
15.0 (59.0) |
14.2 (57.6) |
10.6 (51.1) |
5.9 (42.6) |
2.0 (35.6) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
5.9 (42.7) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.0 (24.8) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
1.5 (34.7) |
5.3 (41.5) |
8.5 (47.3) |
11.4 (52.5) |
10.8 (51.4) |
7.9 (46.2) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
2.9 (37.2) |
Record low °C (°F) | −25.0 (−13.0) |
−26.0 (−14.8) |
−22.7 (−8.9) |
−15.3 (4.5) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
0.6 (33.1) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
−12.6 (9.3) |
−18.7 (−1.7) |
−24.0 (−11.2) |
−26.0 (−14.8) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 72.6 (2.86) |
67.9 (2.67) |
72.2 (2.84) |
51.5 (2.03) |
43.4 (1.71) |
70.8 (2.79) |
75.6 (2.98) |
79.6 (3.13) |
84.2 (3.31) |
78.4 (3.09) |
66.8 (2.63) |
78.1 (3.07) |
841.1 (33.11) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 13 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 13 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 14 | 12 | 13 | 147 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 34 | 71 | 124 | 205 | 236 | 234 | 229 | 167 | 130 | 116 | 46 | 16 | 1,608 |
Source 1: eklima.met.no[33] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Meteo-climat[34] |
Fauna
The city has various wetland habitats. among which there is the Gaulosen. The observation tower accommodates for birdwatching and providing information about birdlife.[35]
Despite Trondheim being Norway's third largest city, wild animals can be seen.
Cityscape and sites
Most of Trondheim city centre is scattered with small speciality shops. However, the main shopping area is concentrated around the pedestrianised streets Nordre gate (English: Northern street), Olav Tryggvasons gate and Thomas Angells gate even though the rest of the city centre is provided with everything from old, well-established companies to new, hip and trendy shops.
In the mid-to-late 1990s, the area surrounding the old
A
The islet Munkholmen is a popular tourist attraction and recreation site. The islet has served as a place of execution, a
Stiftsgården is the royal residence in Trondheim, originally constructed in 1774 by Cecilie Christine Schøller. At 140 rooms constituting 4,000 square metres (43,056 sq ft), it is possibly the largest wooden building in Northern Europe and has been used by royals and their guests since 1800.
A statue of
Nidaros Cathedral
The Nidaros Cathedral and the Archbishop's Palace are located side by side in the middle of the city centre. The cathedral, built from 1070 on, is the most important Gothic monument in Norway and was Northern Europe's most important Christian pilgrimage site during the Middle Ages,[39] with pilgrimage routes leading to it from Oslo in southern Norway and from the Jämtland and Värmland regions of Sweden. Today, it is the northernmost medieval cathedral in the world, and the second-largest in Scandinavia.
During the Middle Ages, and again after independence was restored in 1814, the Nidaros Cathedral was the
The
Other churches
The Lutheran Church of Norway has 21 churches within the municipality of Trondheim. They are all a part of the Diocese of Nidaros, which is based in Trondheim at the Nidaros Cathedral. Many of the churches are several hundred years old, with a couple which were built almost 1,000 years ago.
Deanery (Prosti) |
Parish (Sokn) |
Church name | Year built | Location |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nidaros | Nidaros Domkirke og Vår Frue | Nidaros Cathedral | 1070–1300 | Midtbyen |
Vår Frue Church | 1200 | Midtbyen | ||
Bakklandet | Bakke Church | 1715 | Bakklandet | |
Lade | Lade Church | 1190 | Lade | |
Lademoen | Lademoen Church | 1905 | Lademoen | |
Byåsen | Byåsen | Byåsen Church | 1974 | Byåsen |
Ilen | Ilen Church | 1889 | Ila | |
Sverresborg | Havstein Church | 1857 | Sverresborg | |
Heimdal | Byneset | Byneset Church | 1180 | Byneset |
Heimdal | Heimdal Church | 1960 | Heimdal | |
Kolstad | Kolstad Church | 1986 | Kolstad | |
Leinstrand | Leinstrand Church | 1673 | Leinstrand | |
Tiller | Tiller Church | 1901 | Tiller | |
Strinda | Berg | Berg Church | 1972 | Berg |
Bratsberg | Bratsberg Church | 1850 | Bratsberg
| |
Charlottenlund | Charlottenlund Church | 1973 | Charlottenlund
| |
Hoeggen | Hoeggen Church | 1997 | Lerkendal
| |
Ranheim | Ranheim Church | 1933 | Ranheim | |
Strinda | Strinda Church | 1900 | Strinda | |
Strindheim | Strindheim Church | 1979 | Strindheim | |
Tempe | Tempe Church | 1960 | Lerkendal
|
The
Museums
The Trondheim Science Center (
Rockheim (Norwegian: Det nasjonale opplevelsessenteret for pop og rock, The National Discovery Center for Pop and Rock) opened at the Pier in August 2010. It is located inside an old warehouse, but characterised by an easily recognisable roof in the shape of a box. "The box" is decorated by thousands of tiny lights that change in a variety of colours and patterns, and is a landmark in the cityscape – especially on dark winter evenings.
Prison
Vollan District Jail (
Trondheim Prison (Norwegian: Trondheim fengsel) is a prison that belongs to the Northern Region of the
It consists of four main departments:
- Nermarka ("Tunga") – closed department
- Detention department (no: Forvaringsavdelingen) at Nermarka
- Leira – open division. Through joint positive activities, the individual inmate on certain conditions teaches to be responsible with other people.[47]
- division Kongens gt. – halfway house, located in downtown Trondheim.
Wider urban area
Trondheim forms the centre of the
Government
Trondheim Municipality is responsible for
On 1 January 2005, the city was reorganized from five
Municipal council
The
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 17 | |
Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) | 4 | |
Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) | 4 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 20 | |
Industry and Business Party (Industri‑ og Næringspartiet) | 1 | |
Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) | 1 | |
Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet) | 3 | |
Red Party (Rødt) |
3 | |
Centre Party (Senterpartiet) | 1 | |
Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) | 9 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 4 | |
Total number of members: | 67 |
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 17 | |
Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) | 4 | |
Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) | 7 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 14 | |
Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) | 1 | |
Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet) | 3 | |
Red Party (Rødt) |
5 | |
Centre Party (Senterpartiet) | 5 | |
Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) | 8 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 3 | |
Total number of members: | 67 |
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 28 | |
Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) | 4 | |
Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) | 5 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 14 | |
Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) | 2 | |
Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet) | 2 | |
Red Party (Rødt) |
2 | |
Centre Party (Senterpartiet) | 2 | |
Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) | 4 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 4 | |
Total number of members: | 67 |
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 27 | |
Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) | 6 | |
Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) | 2 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 18 | |
Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) | 2 | |
Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet) | 1 | |
Red Party (Rødt) |
2 | |
Centre Party (Senterpartiet) | 1 | |
Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) | 4 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 4 | |
Total number of members: | 67 |
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 37 | |
Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) | 13 | |
Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) | 2 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 13 | |
Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) | 3 | |
The Democrats (Demokratene) |
1 | |
Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet) | 1 | |
Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) | 3 | |
Centre Party (Senterpartiet) | 2 | |
Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) | 7 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 3 | |
Total number of members: | 85 |
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 26 | |
Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) | 10 | |
Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) | 1 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 18 | |
Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) | 3 | |
The Democrats (Demokratene) |
1 | |
Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet) | 4 | |
Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) | 2 | |
Centre Party (Senterpartiet) | 3 | |
Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) | 15 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 2 | |
Total number of members: | 85 |
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 26 | |
Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) | 7 | |
Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) | 1 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 30 | |
Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) | 4 | |
Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet) | 1 | |
Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) | 3 | |
Centre Party (Senterpartiet) | 1 | |
Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) | 8 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 3 | |
City list (Bylista) | 1 | |
Total number of members: | 85 |
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 22 | |
Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) | 6 | |
Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) | 1 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 36 | |
Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) | 4 | |
Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) | 2 | |
Centre Party (Senterpartiet) | 3 | |
Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) | 5 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 3 | |
City list (Bylista) | 3 | |
Total number of members: | 85 |
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 22 | |
Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) | 4 | |
Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) | 1 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 29 | |
Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) | 4 | |
Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) | 2 | |
Centre Party (Senterpartiet) | 5 | |
Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) | 12 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 2 | |
City List (Bylista) | 4 | |
Total number of members: | 85 |
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 31 | |
Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) | 11 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 21 | |
Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) | 4 | |
Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) | 2 | |
Centre Party (Senterpartiet) | 2 | |
Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) | 5 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 3 | |
City List (Bylista) | 6 | |
Total number of members: | 85 |
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 35 | |
Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) | 5 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 28 | |
Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) | 4 | |
Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) | 2 | |
Centre Party (Senterpartiet) | 2 | |
Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) | 6 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 3 | |
Total number of members: | 85 |
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 36 | |
Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) | 1 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 30 | |
Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) | 5 | |
Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) | 1 | |
Centre Party (Senterpartiet) | 3 | |
Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) | 5 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 4 | |
Total number of members: | 85 |
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 34 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 24 | |
Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) | 8 | |
New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet) | 2 | |
Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse) | 1 | |
Centre Party (Senterpartiet) | 6 | |
Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) | 7 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 3 | |
Total number of members: | 85 |
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 40 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 19 | |
Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) | 2 | |
Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) | 6 | |
Centre Party (Senterpartiet) | 6 | |
Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) | 7 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 5 | |
Total number of members: | 85 |
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 43 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 22 | |
Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) | 1 | |
Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) | 4 | |
Centre Party (Senterpartiet) | 3 | |
Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) | 7 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 5 | |
Total number of members: | 85 |
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 45 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 23 | |
Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) | 3 | |
Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) | 5 | |
Centre Party (Senterpartiet) | 3 | |
Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti) | 3 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 3 | |
Total number of members: | 85 |
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 41 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 21 | |
Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) | 6 | |
Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) | 5 | |
Centre Party (Senterpartiet) | 1 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 3 | |
Total number of members: | 77 |
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 38 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 21 | |
Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) | 9 | |
Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) | 6 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 3 | |
Total number of members: | 77 |
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 36 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 20 | |
Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) | 10 | |
Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) | 6 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 4 | |
Total number of members: | 76 |
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 31 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 19 | |
Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) | 15 | |
Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) | 5 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 6 | |
Total number of members: | 76 |
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 30 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 14 | |
Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) | 18 | |
Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) | 9 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 5 | |
Total number of members: | 76 |
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 33 | |
Free-minded People's Party (Frisinnede Folkeparti) | 11 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 21 | |
Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) | 8 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 3 | |
Total number of members: | 76 | |
Note: Due to the German occupation of Norway during World War II, no elections were held for new municipal councils until after the war ended in 1945. |
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 29 | |
Free-minded People's Party (Frisinnede Folkeparti) | 16 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 18 | |
Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) | 8 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 4 | |
Local List(s) (Lokale lister) | 1 | |
Total number of members: | 76 |
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 24 | |
Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) | 2 | |
Free-minded People's Party (Frisinnede Folkeparti) | 11 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 22 | |
Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) | 10 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 3 | |
Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgerlige Felleslister) | 4 | |
Total number of members: | 76 |
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 28 | |
Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) | 4 | |
Free-minded Liberal Party (Frisinnede Venstre) | 9 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 22 | |
Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) | 9 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 4 | |
Total number of members: | 76 |
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 18 | |
Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) | 3 | |
Free-minded Liberal Party (Frisinnede Venstre) | 9 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 21 | |
Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti) | 12 | |
Social Democratic Labour Party (Socialdemokratiske Arbeiderparti) |
4 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 5 | |
Workers' Common List (Arbeidernes fellesliste) | 4 | |
Total number of members: | 76 |
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 28 | |
Free-minded Liberal Party (Frisinnede Venstre) | 9 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 18 | |
Social Democratic Labour Party (Socialdemokratiske Arbeiderparti) |
7 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 5 | |
Local List(s) (Lokale lister) | 9 | |
Total number of members: | 76 |
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 22 | |
Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) | 5 | |
Free-minded Liberal Party (Frisinnede Venstre) | 8 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 22 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 4 | |
Local List(s) (Lokale lister) | 7 | |
Total number of members: | 68 |
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 32 | |
Free-minded Liberal Party (Frisinnede Venstre) | 6 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 20 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 7 | |
Joint list of the Conservative Party (Høyre) and the Free-minded Liberal Party (Frisinnede Venstre) | 3 | |
Total number of members: | 68 |
Party name (in Norwegian) | Number of representatives | |
---|---|---|
Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) | 26 | |
Temperance Party (Avholdspartiet) | 3 | |
Free-minded Liberal Party (Frisinnede Venstre) | 8 | |
Conservative Party (Høyre) | 21 | |
Liberal Party (Venstre) | 10 | |
Total number of members: | 68 |
Education and research
- See also the list of primary schools in Trondheim.
Trondheim is home to both the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) with its many technical lab facilities and disciplines, and BI-Trondheim, a satellite campus for the Norwegian Business School (BI).[77] Both universities welcome a number of international students on a yearly basis and offer various scholarships.[78]
SINTEF, a large independent research organisation in Scandinavia, has 1,800 employees with 1,300 of these located in Trondheim.[79] The Air Force Academy of the Royal Norwegian Air Force is located at Kuhaugen in Trondheim.
The Geological Survey of Norway is located at Lade in Trondheim and is a major geoscientific institution with 220 employees of which 70% are scientists.
There are 11 high schools in the city.
Ila skole was founded in 1770 and is the oldest primary school in Trondheim.[80]
Media
Adresseavisen is the largest regional newspaper and the oldest active newspaper in Norway, having been established in 1767. The two headquarters of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) are located at Tyholt in Trondheim, and in Oslo.[81] On 31 December 2019 the fully digital and local newspaper Nidaros was launched as a competitor to Adresseavisen.[82] The student press of Trondheim features three types of media. Under Dusken is the student paper, Radio Revolt is the student radio, and Student-TV broadcasts videos online.
Radio stations established in Trondheim include Trøndelag-focused opt-out feeds of
Culture
Visual arts
The Trondheim Art Museum has Norway's third largest public art collection, mainly Norwegian art from the last 150 years.[84]
The National Museum of Decorative Arts and Design boasts a large collection of decorative arts and design, including a great number of tapestries from the Norwegian tapestry artist Hannah Ryggen, as well as Norway's only permanent exhibibition of Japanese arts and crafts.[85]
Trøndelag senter for samtidskunst (English: Trøndelag Centre for Contemporary Art, TSSK) was established in 1976.[86]
There are two artist-run spaces, Galleri Blunk , that was founded by students of the Trondheim Academy of Fine Art in 2002, and Babel, that was founded by Lademoen Kunstnerverksteder (English: Lademoen Artist Workshops, LKV) in 2006.[87]
Kunsthall Trondheim was inaugurated at its permanent premises on Kongens gate in October 2016.[88][89]
Stage
The main regional theatre, Trøndelag Teater, is situated in Trondheim. Built in 1816, the theatre is the oldest theatre still in use in Scandinavia.[90] The city also features an alternative theatre house Teaterhuset Avant Garden, and the theatre company Teater Fusentast.[91]
Music
Trondheim has a broad music scene, and is known for its strong communities committed to rock,
Classical artists hailing from Trondheim include violinist Arve Tellefsen, Elise Båtnes and Marianne Thorsen. Also the Nidaros Cathedral Boys' Choir.
Thomas Bergersen, a Norwegian self-taught composer, multi-instrumentalist, and the co-founder of the production music company Two Steps From Hell, was born in Trondheim.
Pop/rock artists and bands associated with Trondheim include
Trondheim is also home to Rockheim, the national museum of popular music, which is responsible for collecting, preserving and sharing Norwegian popular music from the 1950s to the present day.[95][96][97]
Film
Trondheim features a lively film scene, including three filmfests: Minimalen Short Film Fest and Kosmorama International Film Fest in March, and Trondheim Documentarfestival in November. Trondheim has two cinemas in the center of the city, Prinsen Kino and Nova kino Prinsen Kinosenter, Nova Kinosenter
Student culture
With students comprising almost a fifth of the population, the city of Trondheim is heavily influenced by student culture. Most noticeable is
Student culture in Trondheim is characterised by a long-standing tradition of volunteer work. The student society is for example run by more than 1,200 volunteers.
In popular culture
Trondheim culture is parodied on the Monty Python album Another Monty Python Record in the form of the fictitious Trondheim Hammer Dance.[101]
Trondheim is also a key location in the Command & Conquer: Tiberian Sun universe, as it is a critical battleground for both factions.
Trondheim was the name of a planet in the Hundred Worlds of the Ender's Game novel series.
Trondheim likely serves as an inspiration for the fictional city Tronjheim in The Inheritance Cycle.
Sports and recreation
Trondheim and Trøndelag is also regarded as the home of the basse game.
Major sports teams
Club | Sport | Founded | League | Venue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Rosenborg BK | Football | 1917 | Eliteserien (football)
|
Lerkendal stadion
|
Ranheim Fotball | Football | 1901 | OBOS-ligaen
|
EXTRA Arena |
Byåsen | Handball (Women) | 1921 | Eliteserien (women's handball)
|
Trondheim Spektrum |
Nidaros Hockey | Ice hockey | 2015 | 1. divisjon | Leangen Ishall |
Rosenborg BK Kvinner | Football (women) | 1972 | Toppserien | Koteng Arena |
Kolstad Håndball | Handball (men) | 1972 | Eliteserien (men's handball)
|
Kolstad Arena |
Spektra Cricket | Cricket | 2014 [102] | NCF Menn | Lade and Spektrum |
Nidaros Jets
|
Basketball | 2014 | BLNO Menn
|
Husebyhallen |
Major championships hosted
Event | Sport | Years | Venue |
---|---|---|---|
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships | Nordic skiing | 1997 , 2025
|
Granåsen |
World Allround Speed Skating Championships | Speed skating | 1907, 1911, 1926, 1933, 1937 | Øya Stadion
|
IHF World Women's Handball Championship | Handball | 1993, 1999, 2023 | Trondheim Spektrum |
IHF World Men's Handball Championship | Handball | 2025 | Trondheim Spektrum |
European Men's Handball Championship | Handball | 2008, 2020 | Trondheim Spektrum |
World Orienteering Championships | Orienteering | 2010 | Throughout Trondheim |
UEFA Super Cup | Football | 2016 | Lerkendal Stadion |
Transportation
Trondheim has an international airport,
Major railway connections are the northbound Nordland Line, the eastbound Meråker Line to Åre and Östersund in Sweden, and two southbound connections to Oslo, the Røros Line and Dovre Line.
The Coastal Express ships (Hurtigruten: Covering the Bergen–Kirkenes stretch of the coast) call at Trondheim, as do many cruise ships during the summer season. Since 1994 there is also a fast commuter boat service to Kristiansund, the closest coastal city to the southwest. Every morning the Hurtigruten ships have one southbound and one northbound arrival and departure in Trondheim.
A car ferry route from the port of Flakk in the northwest of the municipality, connects Trondheim with Fosen. Various bridge projects over the Trondheim Fjord to replace the ferry have been planned, but none have begun construction.
Trondheim also boasts the northernmost (since closure of Arkhangelsk tram in 2004) tramway line in the world: the Gråkallen Line, the last remaining segment of the Trondheim Tramway, is an 8.8 kilometres (5.5 mi) route (which is mostly single-track outside the innermost parts of the city; except the stretch between Breidablikk and Nordre Hoem stations) which runs from the city centre, through the Byåsen district, and up to Lian, in the large recreation area Bymarka. Trondheim boasts the world's only bicycle lift, Trampe.
The bus network, operated by AtB, runs throughout most of the city and its suburbs. A new metro line system went public 3 August 2019. The new transportation system covers the Trondheim area (Trondheim, Malvik, and Melhus). The three metro lines and the city lines that link the city across. The new public transport system becomes flexible, with buses running more often and accommodating more passengers. Fewer travelers must take a detour through the center of Trondheim.
In addition, the Nattbuss (Night Bus) service ensures cheap and effective transport for those enjoying nightlife in the city centre during the weekends. The Nattbus has other prices than ordinary buses. The European route E6 highway passes through the city centre of Trondheim in addition to a motorway bypass along the eastern rim of the city.
Twin towns – sister cities
Trondheim is twinned with:[103]
- Darmstadt, Germany (1968)
- Dunfermline, Scotland, United Kingdom (1945)
- Graz, Austria (1968)
- Klaksvík, Faroe Islands (1987)
- Kópavogur, Iceland (1946)
- Norrköping, Sweden (1946)
- Odense, Denmark (1946)
- Petah Tikva, Israel (1975)
- Ramallah, Palestine (2004)
- Split, Croatia (1956)
- Tampere, Finland (1946)
- Tiraspol, Moldova (1987)
- Vallejo, United States (1960)
Business
- Lilleby smelteverk (1927–2002)
Notable people
Public Service & public thinking
- Lisbet Nypan(c. 1610–1670) an executed alleged Norwegian witch
- Ove Bjelke (1611–1674) nobleman, feudal lord and Chancellor of Norway
- Albert Angell (1660–1705) landowner, businessman and Mayor of Trondheim
- Peter Tordenskiold (1691–1720) a Dano-Norwegian nobleman and flag officer[104]
- Hilchen Sommerschild (1756–1831) pioneer educator
- Frederik Due (1796–1873) Norwegian prime minister in Stockholm, 1841–1858
- Johan Thoning Owesen (1804–1881), shipowner, landowner and philanthropist
- Hans Gerhard Colbjørnsen Meldahl (1815–1877) politician and sixth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Norway, 1874–1877
- John Gunder North (1826–1872) ship builder in San Francisco
- Fritz Jenssen (1886–1966) banker and politician for Nasjonal Samling
- Olaus Dons Schmidt (1895-1969) genealogist, fellow, Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters
- President of the Storting1965–1972
- David Abrahamsen (1903–2002) forensic psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and author in the USA
- John Lyng (1905–1978) a politician, briefly Prime Minister of Norway in 1963
- Norwegian resistancemember
- Norwegian resistancemember
- Henrik Rogstad (1916–1945) a politician with Nasjonal Samling
- Cissi Klein (1929–1943 in Auschwitz) a Jewish girl, victim of the Holocaust
- Kaare Langlete (1931–2009) military officer and Lord Chamberlain
- Idun Reiten (born 1942) mathematician
- Per Arne Watle (born 1948) politician and CEO of Widerøe 1997–2008
- Georg Müller (1951-2015) RC Bishop of Trondheim until resignation following child sexual abuse, 2009
- Erik Varden (born 1974) RC Bishop of Trondheim
The Arts
- Carl Lorck (1829–1882) a Norwegian painter
- Anna Munch (1856–1932), novelist, playwright
- Knut Glomsaas (1863–1935) a military musician
- Tupsy Clement (1871–1959) a Skagen painter of landscapes
- Emmy Worm-Müller (1875–1950) silent film actress [105]
- Arne Eggen (1881–1955) a classical composer and organist
- Bjarne Amdahl (1903–1968) pianist, composer and orchestra conductor [106]
- architectural modernism
- Agnar Mykle (1915–1994) author, controversial figure in Norwegian literature
- Arve Tellefsen (born 1936) classical violinist
- Liv Ullman (born 1938) actress and director [107]
- Jan Erik Kongshaug (1944–2019) sound engineer, jazz guitarist and composer [108]
- Sidsel Endresen (born 1952) singer, composer and actress
- Trond Halstein Moe (born 1954), operatic baritone
- Brit Dyrnes (born 1955), ceramist
- Big Bandleader
- Øystein Baadsvik (born 1966) tuba soloist and chamber musician
- 1992 Eurovision Song Contest
- Elise Båtnes (born 1971) violinist, leader of the Oslo Philharmonic orchestra since 2006
- Norwegian National Ballet
- Thomas Bergersen (born 1980) composer and multi-instrumentalist
- Georg Kajanus (born 1946) singer-songwriter, composer. Known from UK bands Sailor, Data and Noir.
Sports
- Norwegian resistancemember in WWII.
- Hjalmar Andersen (1923–2013) speed skater, triple gold medalist at the 1952 Winter Olympics
- Arnfinn Bergmann (1928–2011) ski jumper, gold medallist at the 1952 Winter Olympics
- Odd Iversen (1945–2014) a footballer with 282 club caps and 45 for Norway
- Martin Schanche (born 1945), racing driver and politician
- Jan Egil Storholt (born 1949) speed skater, gold medallist at the 1976 Winter Olympics
- Ingrid Kristiansen (born 1956) former long-distance runner
- Frode Rønning (born 1959) speed skater, bronze medallist at the 1980 Winter Olympics
- Rune Bratseth (born 1961) former footballer with 313 club caps and 60 for Norway
- Atle Kvålsvoll (born 1962) cyclist and coach
- Roar Strand (born 1970) footballer with 464 club caps and 42 for Norway
- Bjørn Otto Bragstad (born 1971) footballer with 251 club caps and 15 for Norway
- Gøril Kringen (born 1972) former footballer and coach
- Vegard Heggem (born 1975) former footballer with 20 caps for Norway
- Fredrik Winsnes (born 1975) former footballer with 353 club caps and 19 for Norway
- Øystein Kvaal Østerbø (born 1981) orienteering and ski-orienteering competitor
- Trine Rønning (born 1982) a former captain of the Norway women's national football team
- Emil Hegle Svendsen (born 1985) biathlete, eight medals at Winter Olympics (four gold)
- Torstein Horgmo (born 1987) snowboarder
- Emil Weber Meek (born 1988) mixed martial artist
- Jørgen Gråbak (born 1991) Nordic combined skier, double gold at the 2014 Winter Olympics
- Sander Sagosen (born 1995) handball player
- Alexander Sørloth (born 1995) footballer
- Johannes Høsflot Klæbo (born 1996) a cross-country skier, triple gold medallist at the 2018 Winter Olympics
See also
- List of mayors of Trondheim
- Norwegian Society for Photobiology and Photomedicine (1983)
- Tyholt Tower
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Further reading
- Trondheim: One Thousand Years in the City of St. Olav. Strindheim trykkeris forlag. 1992. ISBN 8290551576.
External links
- Municipality website (in Norwegian)
- Trondheim.no, Trondheim's official website in Norwegian
- and Trondheim.com, Trondheim's official website in English Archived 1 February 2020 at the Wayback Machine
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 305. .
- Trondheim in Spanish [1]
- Visit Trondheim
- Trondheim travel guide from Wikivoyage