Lilias Margaret Frances, Countess Bathurst
Chesterton, Gloucestershire, England | |
---|---|
Known for | Owning The Morning Post |
Political party | Conservative |
Spouse | |
Children | 4 (including Allen Bathurst, Lord Apsley) |
Parent(s) | Algernon Borthwick, 1st Baron Glenesk Alice Beatrice Lister |
Lilias Margaret Frances, Countess Bathurst (née Borthwick, 12 October 1871 – 30 December 1965) was a British newspaper publisher who owned The Morning Post. Her father, Algernon Borthwick, 1st Baron Glenesk, owned the paper and passed control to her upon his death in 1908. She led the paper as the only female owner of a major newspaper in the world, reorienting it to focus on political and diplomatic affairs. Lady Bathurst herself was an anti-feminist, supporting movements against women's suffrage.
The paper continued to be successful and respected under her ownership; it was considered an organ of the
Personal life
Lilias Margaret Frances Borthwick was born in Eaton Place, London, on 12 October 1871 to Algernon Borthwick, 1st Baron Glenesk, and Alice Beatrice, the daughter of Thomas Henry Lister.[2]
She married
The Morning Post
The
Editorship of Fabian Ware (1905–1911)
Her father, Lord Glenesk, was the owner of
Earlier in 1905, before Lady Bathurst became the owner, Fabian Ware was made editor of The Morning Post.[18] Shortly after beginning work, he came into conflict with Glenesk, who thought Ware should promote tariff reform less. Ware wrote asking Lady Bathurst to intervene and threatening to resign.[16] When Glenesk died in November 1908, she became the owner of the paper. Although Spenser Wilkinson, the paper's lead writer, attempted to turn her against Ware,[16] Ware eventually became Lady Bathurst's favorite editor.[19]
When Lady Bathurst took ownership of the newspaper, it was reported that she was the only female newspaper owner in London,[20] and by some papers that she was the only woman in the world to own a major newspaper.[5] She focused The Morning Post on political and diplomatic affairs[21] and was a dedicated Conservative.[2] Borthwick played a large role in dictating the paper's policies. In 1922, it was written that "no line of importance is admitted to the columns without her 'O.K'".[5] She was described in 1977 as having remained in "constant contact with its editor and with the latest political maneuvers and events."[8] The historian Keith M. Wilson wrote in a history of The Morning Post that under her editorship the paper grew to "reflect her own character and outlook", noting that, in addition to being closely involved with editing, Lady Bathurst often contributed articles to the paper.[10] However, she also sought to preserve the paper to be handed over to her children and was conservative in her management, unwilling to take risks.[22]
In response to the perceived military deficiency of the United Kingdom and Germany's successful test of a
Editorship of H. A. Gwynne (1911–1924)
Upon the recommendation of Rudyard Kipling, Lady Bathurst appointed H. A. Gwynne editor of the paper in 1911.[20][26][27] She stayed informed about important matters of the paper and generally supported Gwynne.[2] Her father had been very successful running the paper; he developed a system to accept payment for coverage in social columns that was earning an estimated $500,000 per year for the paper by 1914. That year, The New York Times described the Morning Post under his control as "a capably conducted newspaper in all respects, conservative in its methods, and retaining possibly more editorial influence than any other London newspaper". The New York Times considered that Lady Bathurst ran the paper "with a success equal to her fathers".[28]
In May 1914
Borthwick was briefly a nurse in France during the
In July 1920, The Morning Post published
In a 1922 article,
Sale of paper
Since the end of the war, the paper had not been financially performing as well as Lady Bathurst had hoped. Attempts at increasing its profits—and therefore her own income—were unsuccessful. After August 1922, the paper's finances were continually overdrawn, and Lady Bathurst herself was in increasingly poor financial condition.[34] Coupled with a dramatic fall in circulation,[2] in December 1922 she decided to sell the paper, assigning her son Allen Bathurst, Lord Apsley, to handle the negotiations. Negotiations with Rupert E. Beckett of The Yorkshire Post began in 1923, but were unsuccessful. On 7 April 1924 the paper was sold to Alan Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland, and a consortium of prominent Conservatives for £500,000 (£30,338,968 in 2021).[20][26]
Later life and death
After selling the paper she lived in relative obscurity, helping her son politically. Allen Bathurst died in 1942 and Seymour Bathurst the following year. She died on 30 December 1965 at the age of 94 in
References
- ^ a b Hoffman 1922, p. 756.
- ^ doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/65832. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^ "No. 26943". The London Gazette. 1 March 1898. p. 1274.
- ^
- ^
- ^ a b Marden, Dr (April 1914). "A Woman Who Runs a Great Newspaper". Maclean's | The Complete Archive. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
- ^ Defries 2014, p. 75.
- ^ JSTOR 175362.
- ^ Leung et al. 2009, p. 139.
- ^ a b Wilson 1990, p. 3.
- JSTOR 44231709.
- ^ Carruthers, Greensted & Roscoe 2019, p. 83.
- ^ a b A.W Ward and A.R. Waller. "IV. The Growth of Journalism: The Stuarts and The Morning Post". The Cambridge History of English and American Literature in 18 Volumes (1907–21). bartleby.com. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
- ^ Crawford 2003, p. 454.
- doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31973. Retrieved 24 November 2020. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^ a b c Wilson 1990, pp. 11–12.
- ^ Potter 2003, p. 113.
- ^ Wilson 1990, p. 10.
- ^ Wilson 1990, p. 5.
- ^ ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
- ^ Edmond 2017, p. 44.
- ^ Wilson 1990, p. 4.
- ^ Byrne 2007, p. 86.
- ^ Wilson 1990, pp. 33–48.
- ^ Paris 1992, p. 101.
- ^ a b Wilson, K. M. (1 January 1933). "The "Yorkshire Post", Conservative Central Office and the Negotiations for the Purchase of the "Morning Post", 1923-24". Publishing History. 33: 89–94.
- ^ Thompson 2014, p. 70.
- ^ ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
- ^
- ^ Wilson 1990, pp. 4, 70.
- ^ "League of Help". Worcester & Gouzeaucourt. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
- ^ Defries 2014, p. 74.
- ^ Wilson 1990, p. 180.
- ^ Wilson 1990, pp. 230–232.
Bibliography
- Byrne, Sandi (2007). The Unbearable Saki: The Work of H. H. Munro. OUP. ISBN 978-0-19-922605-4.
- Carruthers, Annette; Greensted, Mary; Roscoe, Barley (2019). Ernest Gimson: Arts & Crafts Designer and Architect. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-24626-1.
- Crawford, Elizabeth (2003). The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866-1928. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-43402-1.
- Defries, Harry (2014). Conservative Party Attitudes to Jews 1900-1950. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-28462-6.
- Edmond, Martin (2017). The Expatriates. Bridget Williams Books. ISBN 978-1-988533-14-8.
- Hoffman, Helen (September–December 1922). "Lady Bathurst, The World's Greatest Woman Newspaper Owner". The Outlook. Vol. 132. p. 756.
- Leung, H.; Hendley, M.; Compton, R.; Haley, B. (2009). Imagining Globalization: Language, Identities, and Boundaries. Springer. ISBN 978-0-230-10158-6.
- Paris, Michael (1992). Winged Warfare: The Literature and Theory of Aerial Warfare in Britain, 1859-1917. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-3694-1.
- Potter, Simon James (2003). News and the British World: The Emergence of an Imperial Press System, 1876–1922. Clarendon. ISBN 9780199265121.
- Thompson, Andrew S. (2014). Imperial Britain: The Empire in British Politics, c. 1880-1932. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-88253-4.
- ISBN 9780889465039.
Further reading
- Lucas, Reginald (1910). Lord Glenesk and the "Morning Post". J. Lane. OCLC 1017416011.