List of genetic codes

This article is missing information about The NCBI gc.prt data format, though we could need to wait for an upstream doc fix. Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page. (December 2023)

While there is much commonality, different parts of the tree of life use slightly different genetic codes.^[1] When translating from genome to protein, the use of the correct genetic code is essential. The mitochondrial codes are the relatively well-known examples of variation. The translation table list below follows the numbering and designation by NCBI.^[2]

1. The
   standard code
2. The vertebrate mitochondrial code
3. The yeast mitochondrial code
4. The mold, protozoan, and coelenterate mitochondrial code and the mycoplasma/spiroplasma code
5. The invertebrate mitochondrial code
6. The ciliate, dasycladacean and hexamita nuclear code
7. The deleted kinetoplast code; cf. table 4.
8. deleted, cf. table 1.
9. The echinoderm and flatworm mitochondrial code
10. The euplotid nuclear code
11. The bacterial, archaeal and plant plastid code
12. The alternative yeast nuclear code
13. The ascidian mitochondrial code
14. The alternative flatworm mitochondrial code
15. The Blepharisma nuclear code^[3]
16. The chlorophycean mitochondrial code
17. (none)
18. (none)
19. (none)
20. (none)
21. The trematode mitochondrial code
22. The Scenedesmus obliquus mitochondrial code
23. The Thraustochytrium mitochondrial code
24. The Pterobranchia mitochondrial code
25. The candidate division SR1 and gracilibacteria code
26. The Pachysolen tannophilus nuclear code
27. The karyorelict nuclear code
28. The Condylostoma nuclear code
29. The Mesodinium nuclear code
30. The peritrich nuclear code
31. The Blastocrithidia nuclear code
32. The Balanophoraceae plastid code (not shown on web)^[3][4]
33. The Cephalodiscidae mitochondrial code

The alternative translation tables (2 to 33) involve codon reassignments that are recapitulated in the list of all known alternative codons.

Table summary

This section is missing information about start codon in these tables, aka the "sncbieaa" row in NCBI data. Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page. (December 2023)

Comparison of alternative translation tables for all codons (using IUPAC amino acid codes):

Notes

Three translation tables have a peculiar status:

• Table 7 is now merged into translation table 4.
• Table 8 is merged to table 1; all plant chloroplast differences due to RNA edit.
• Table 32 is not shown on the web page, but is present in the ASN.1 format "gc.prt" release.^[3]

Other mechanisms also play a part in protein biosynthesis, such as post-transcriptional modification.

References