List of historical separatist movements in North America

Add links
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

This is a list of historical separatist movements in North America. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism.

Criteria

What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:

  1. They are no longer an active movement with active members.
  2. They are demanded greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
  3. They were citizens/people of the conflict area and did not come from another country.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

  • De facto state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy.
  • Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state.
  • Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater
    autonomy for an area
    but not outright secession.
    • De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region.
    • Government-in-exile: for a
      government based outside of the region in question
      , with or without control.
    • Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession.
    • Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations.
    • Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities.
    • racial/regional/religious
      group(s).

Antigua and Barbuda

  • Political party:
    Antigua Labour Party

Bahamas

Barbados

Culpepper Island

Belize

British West Indies

Canada

Autonomist

Secessionist

Costa Rica

Dominica

Autonomist

Kalinago Territory

Haiti

  • Cacos (anti-US occupation)

Jamaica

Main article: Independence of Jamaica

Leeward Maroons

Mexico

Secessionist

Nicaragua

Panama

  • Republic of Tule
    )

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Carib Country (Black Carib indigenous communities north of the Rabacca River: Orange Hill, Overland, Sandy Bay, Point, Owia and Fancy) [11][12][13]

Trinidad and Tobago

United States

Puerto Rico

  • Anti-Colonial National Liberation Movement
Puerto Rican Independence Movement
Partido Independentista Puertorriqueño
(PIP)

See also

References

  1. ^ "RECLAMATION OF CULPEPPER ISLAND BY LOKONO-ARAWAK & KARIFUNA-CARIB". Antigua Observer. The Voice of the Taino People Online. 13 March 2006. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  2. ^ "THINGS BAJAN: Culpepper Island". NationNews Room. Retrieved 2023-06-14.
  3. ^ "New Global Entity Focused on Threats to the Security of Indigenous Tribal Nations Created * Last Real Indians Exclusive". NationNews. 2015-02-08. Retrieved 2023-06-14.
  4. ^ "RECLAMATION OF CULPEPPER ISLAND BY LOKONO-ARAWAK & KARIFUNA-CARIB". Antigua Observer. The Voice of the Taino People Online. 13 March 2006. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  5. ^ "When the Kalinago Tribal Nation of Dominica Stood up to the Powers That be and Won by Damon Corrie". Last Real Indians Room. 2021-10-12. Retrieved 2023-06-14.
  6. ^ "The Caribs of Dominica: Land Rights and Ethnic Consciousness". Cultural Survival. 2010-03-02. Retrieved 2023-06-14.
  7. ^ "Meet the Kalinagos: Dominica offers Maroons, Ja Gov't model of mutual respect". Cultural Survival. 2021-08-23. Retrieved 2023-06-14.
  8. ^ "Maroon Autonomy In Jamaica". Cultural Survival. 2010-04-15. Retrieved 2023-06-14.
  9. ^ "A Maroon State in Formation: Sovereignty and State Effects in the Polity of Accompong". UC Davis. 2019-05-08. Retrieved 2023-06-14.
  10. ^ "Maroons demand autonomy". UC Davis. 2011-01-13. Retrieved 2023-06-14.
  11. ^ "The Caribs of St. Vincent and Indigenous Resistance during the Age of Revolutions". Antigua Observer. Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal. 2012-12-29. Retrieved 2023-06-14.
  12. ^ "HEGEM ONY, CARIB HISTORY AND HISTORICAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN ST. VINCENT" (PDF). Antigua Observer. University College London. 2007. Retrieved 2023-06-14.
  13. ^ "CARIBS". Antigua Observer. Tripod.
  14. ^ "1 THE RISE AND FALL OF THE BLACK CARIBS" (PDF). belize-glessimaresearch.org. Belize Glessima Research. August 1972. Retrieved 2023-06-14.
  15. ISBN 978-0-8204-7488-5
    ., Caribbean Organisation of Indigenous Peoples
  16. ^ "Land and Livelihoods among the Black Caribs of North-East St Vincent: Case studies of farming and cottage-based agro-processing". Antigua Observer. Caribbean Geography-Research Gate. September 2013. Retrieved 2023-06-14.
  17. ^ "Garifuna Indigenous People of St. Vincent and the Grenadines Inc". GIPSVG. GIPSVG Inc.
  18. ^ "RECLAMATION OF CULPEPPER ISLAND BY LOKONO-ARAWAK & KARIFUNA-CARIB". Antigua Observer. The Voice of the Taino People Online. 13 March 2006. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_historical_separatist_movements_in_North_America&oldid=1187365700"