Longannet power station

Coordinates: 56°02′56″N 3°40′56″W / 56.0489°N 3.6823°W / 56.0489; -3.6823
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Longannet Power Station
Annual net output
9,525 GWh (2012)[3]
External links
CommonsRelated media on Commons
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grid reference NS953852

Longannet power station

Kincardine on Forth
.

Its generating capacity of 2,400

Drax
in England, and the 21st most polluting.

Longannet was operated by the

Scottish Power following privatisation. After failing to win a contract from National Grid, the station closed on 24 March 2016.[5][6]

The station was a regional landmark, dominating the Forth skyline with its 183 m (600 ft) chimney stack. Longannet lacked cooling towers, having instead used water from the River Forth for cooling. On 4 February 2021, the boiler house, turbine hall and control room were demolished in a controlled explosion.[7] On 9 December 2021, the chimney stack was demolished.[8]

History

The station was designed by Scottish architects

design lifetime of 30 years, and was in full operation by 1973.[10][11][12] At the time of its completion, the station was the largest in Europe.[13]

The facility was operated by the

Scottish Power, a subsidiary of Iberdrola.[11][14] It paid £40M per year in connection charges to National Grid due to its distance from South England.[15]

The plant opted in to the UK Transitional National Plan, placing limits on its sulphur dioxide, nitrous oxides and particulates emissions. The plant tested additional technologies that could have permitted it to operate beyond 2020 under the EU Industrial Emissions Directive.[3][16] The station closed on 24 March 2016.[5][17][18]

Demolition

Demolition at the site commenced in November 2018[19] with the 'blow down' of the coal stock towers.[20] The eastern boiler annexe was demolished on 11 April 2019.[21] The boiler house, turbine hall and control room were all demolished on 4 February 2021.[7]

On 9 December 2021, the chimney stack was demolished.[22][23] Three days before this, Scottish Power had illuminated a slogan onto the chimney that read "Make Coal History".[24] The explosives were triggered by the First Minister of Scotland, Nicola Sturgeon.[8]

Design and specification

Longannet had an installed capacity of 2,400 MW and a declared net capacity of 2,304 MW due to plant overheads.[25][26] The station produced 9,525 GWh of electricity in 2012, an increase on the 9,139 GWh produced in 2011.[3]

Electricity generation

The station in December 2011

The station consumed up to 4,500,000 tonnes (4,400,000 long tons; 5,000,000 short tons) of coal each year.[11] Coal was delivered either by road or rail to the station's coal store, which had the capacity to hold up to 2,000,000 tonnes.[3][11] It was then fed from the coal store to the boiler house by a conveyor belt capable of carrying 3,500 tonnes of coal per hour.[11]

Each of the four boilers was serviced by eight pulverising units, each capable of processing 40 tonnes of coal an hour.[11] The front-wall-fired Foster Wheeler boilers could each burn around 250 tonnes of coal an hour at full load.[11] There were two forced draft and two induced draft fans on each boiler.[11] Each boiler provided around 1,800 tonnes per hour of steam at a pressure of 168 bars (16,800 kPa) and a temperature of 568 °C (1,054 °F) to two 300 MW General Electric Company turbo generators.[11][27] The thermal efficiency of the plant was around 37%.[11]

Coal supply

Coal was originally supplied directly by conveyor belt from the neighbouring

Stirling-Alloa-Kincardine rail link, at the mouth of the river Forth was reopened in 2008, and was also used to deliver coal.[30]

Cooling system

The chimney was 183 metres (600 ft) tall; the station did not have

deionised. Losses from this supply were made up by a plant capable of treating 218 cubic metres (7,700 cu ft) of water per hour.[11]

Electrostatic precipitators and sulphur trioxide conditioning

The station was fitted with

fly ash's electrical resistivity. This was to ensure the station maintained allowable particulate emissions. Between 1989 and 1994, the station's ESPs were given a major refurbishment. This meant that the SO3 conditioning equipment did not need to be operated as frequently to maintain the allowed level of particulate emissions. This was beneficial as SO3 is hazardous.[11]

NOx reduction

In 1994, the station was awarded funding from the

Low NOx burners. This reduced the station's NOx emissions by 40%.[11]

The blend of coal fed to each unit was intended to minimise emissions of sulphur.[3]

Carbon capture and storage

The UK's first carbon capture and storage (CCS) unit was commissioned at the station in 2009.[13] It closed in 2011 after it became clear that it was not financially viable.[32] Plans for a UK Government funded project to convert Longannet to CCS were abandoned in 2011 and no further plans for CCS at Longannet were announced.

Environmental and health impact

In 2003, Longannet was named as Scotland's biggest polluter in a report by the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA). The station produced up to 4,350 tonnes of ash per day. This was piped to ash lagoons surrounding the nearby Preston Island.[33] This was then landscaped and used to claim land from the Firth of Forth.

To improve environmental emissions, Longannet was fitted with 'Low-NOx' burners to limit the formation of

Scottish Power to burn the sludge illegally as part of an agreement which originally required Scottish Power to construct, and have in operation, a biomass plant in 2010.[34] All burning of biomass at Longannet – including waste-derived fuel and sawdust pellets – ceased in April 2012.[3]

In 2007, the

WWF named Europe's 30 most climate polluting power stations in absolute terms; of these, Longannet was the most polluting in the UK (relative to power output).[35] It was the 21st most polluting power station in Europe.[36]

According to a

Stuttgart University on the health impacts of the biggest coal-burning power plants in Europe, Longannet was responsible for 4,210 lost 'life years' in 2010.[37]

References

  1. ^ a b Forsyth, Valerie (2 May 2018). "A Walk in the Past: Longannet the history-maker". Alloa and Hillfoots Advertiser. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Longannet power station is switched off after 46 years". BBC News. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "Longannet Power Station EMAS STATEMENT 2012" (PDF). Scottish Power. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  4. ^ "Longannet switch-off ends coal-fired power production in Scotland". BBC News. 24 March 2016. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  5. ^ a b Macalister, Terry (24 March 2016). "Longannet power station closes ending coal power use in Scotland". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  6. ^ "Green groups welcome Longannet closure". Third Force News. 23 March 2015. Archived from the original on 1 April 2016.
  7. ^ a b Reilly, Jonathon (4 February 2021). "Watch as Longannet Power Station structure is demolished in controlled explosion". Fife Today. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
  8. ^ a b "Longannet power station chimney blown up". BBC News. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  9. ^ "Robert Matthew, Johnson-Marshall & Partners". Dictionary of Scottish Architects. 2008. Retrieved 25 August 2009.
  10. ISBN 9781483104508
    .
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Komall, Roshan (February 2000). "Cleaner Coal Technology Programme" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2010. Retrieved 25 August 2009.
  12. The Falkirk Herald
    . Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  13. ^ a b "Longannet Power Station". Gazetteer for Scotland. Retrieved 25 August 2009.
  14. ^ Milner, Mark (29 November 2006). "Scottish Power agrees to £11.6bn Spanish bid". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 June 2014.
  15. ^ Queiro, Alicia (7 October 2014). "What is the National Grid and why does it cost to connect to it?". BBC News. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  16. ^ Adam Brown (17 February 2014). "Coal still counts (2): decision time for generators (or it will be soon)". Target UK Energy. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  17. ^ "Low Carbon Scotland: Meeting The Emissions Reduction Targets 2013-2027" (PDF). Scottish Government. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  18. ^ "Reducing emissions in Scotland: 2013 progress report" (PDF). Committee on Climate Change. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  19. ^ Ryder, Gemma (7 February 2019). "Man dies at Longannet Power Station". Dunfermline Press. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  20. ^ "In Video: Coal towers demolished at power station". Jersey Evening Post. 8 November 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  21. ^ "Another piece of Longannet is blown into history". The Falkirk Herald. 13 April 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  22. ^ Mcilkenny, Stephen (9 December 2021). "Longannet Power Station: First pictures show the moment chimney stack was demolished". The Scotsman. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  23. ^ "Scotland's Longannet power station demolition - watch video as chimney comes crashing down". Sky News. 9 December 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  24. ^ Trimble, James (6 December 2021). "Grangemouth residents see doomed Longannet chimney lit up one last time". The Falkirk Herald. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  25. ^ a b "Longannet Power Station". Engineering Timelines. Retrieved 21 June 2014.
  26. ^ "Practical Large Scale Coal Firing Experience at ScottishPower" (PDF). Scottish Power. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  27. ^ a b "Longannet Power Station: Site Information" (PDF). Scottish Power. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  28. ^ "Grim future for deep coal mine". BBC News. 29 March 2002. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
  29. ^ "Stirling-Alloa-Kincardine Railway and Linked Improvements Bill" (PDF). The Scottish Parliamentary Corporate Body. 2003. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  30. ^ "Residents in legal bid to stop Longannet freight trains". BBC News. 6 September 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2014.
  31. ^ "West Fife District - The Kingdom of Fife". Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  32. ^ Gersmann, Hanna; Harvey, Fiona (19 October 2011). "Longannet carbon capture project cancelled". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
  33. ^ "Preston Island". Gazetteer for Scotland.
  34. ^ "Scottish Power and Sepa Join Forces to Break the Law". Scottish Green Party. 28 December 2005. Archived from the original on 13 October 2007. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
  35. ^ "Dirty Thirty" (PDF). assets.panda.org. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  36. ^ "BBC News - Longannet power station in 'top 30 EU polluters'". BBC Online. 22 July 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
  37. ^ John Vidal (12 June 2013). "European coal pollution causes 22,300 premature deaths a year, study shows". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 June 2014.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Longannet Power Station.
Preceded by Largest power station in the UK
1973–1986 		Succeeded by
Drax power station
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