Portal:Energy
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Introduction
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In
body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of work and in the form of heat and light. Energy is a conserved quantity—the law of conservation of energy states that energy can be converted in form, but not created or destroyed. The unit of measurement for energy in the International System of Units (SI) is the joule
(J).
Common forms of energy include the kinetic energy of a moving object, the potential energy stored by an object (for instance due to its position in a field), the elastic energy stored in a solid object, chemical energy associated with chemical reactions, the radiant energy carried by electromagnetic radiation, and the internal energy contained within a thermodynamic system. All living organisms constantly take in and release energy.
Due to
rest energy
, and any additional energy (of any form) acquired by the object above that rest energy will increase the object's total mass just as it increases its total energy.
Human civilization requires energy to function, which it gets from
energy resources such as fossil fuels, nuclear fuel, or renewable energy. The Earth's climate and ecosystems processes are driven by the energy the planet receives from the Sun (although a small amount is also contributed by geothermal energy). (Full article...
)
Selected article
The Harris Theater. The Southeast Exelon Pavilion and Southwest Exelon Pavilion (jointly the South Exelon Pavilions) are located on the southern edge of the park along Monroe Street, and flank the Lurie Garden. Together the pavilions generate 19,840 kilowatt-hours (71,400 MJ) of electricity annually, worth about $2,350 per year.
The four pavilions, which cost $7 million, were designed in January 2001; construction began in January 2004. The South Pavilions were completed and opened in July 2004, while the North Pavilions were completed in November 2004, with a grand opening on April 30, 2005. In addition to producing energy, three of the four pavilions provide access to the parking garages below the park, while the fourth serves as the park's welcome center and office.
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). (Full article...
)
Selected image
Did you know?
- inventor whose request for investment capital to build an oil refinery in 1862 led to a partnership with John D. Rockefeller and the formation of the Standard Oilcompanies?
- Golar Spirit (pictured) is the world's first floating storage and regasification vessel converted from a LNG carrier?
- The natural gas pipelines ever built in North America?
- oil sands?
- During Nevada–Texas–Utah type of oil-shale retorts?
- The Sangtuda 1 Hydroelectric Power Plant is expected to provide up to 12% of the total energy output of Tajikistan?
Selected biography
Between 1992 and 1995, after Soviet president
Sibneft oil company, then valued at $150 million. Berezovsky subsequently sold his stake to Abramovich after fleeing to London. In September 2005 Abramovich sold his interest in Sibneft to state energy giant Gazprom
for $13 billion.
Despite maintaining that his primary residence is Moscow, in 2006 Abramovich was named as the second-wealthiest person in the United Kingdom. His property investments and other assets were estimated at
luxury yachts
, with four boats in what the media have called the 'Abramovich Navy'.
Although he rarely visits the area, in October 2005 Abramovich was reappointed governor of the impoverished Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in the Russian Far East where he has made significant financial contributions. He was originally elected to the governorship in 1999.
In the news
- 7 April 2024 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
- The IAEA reports that the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant's Unit 6 was targeted by a drone strike, although nuclear safety has not been compromised, according to the statement. (IAEA)
- 4 April 2024 –
- Researchers at the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument in Arizona, United States, release the largest 3D map of the universe featuring more than six million galaxies. Using this map, researchers are able to measure the acceleration of the expansion rate of the universe with unprecedented accuracy, detecting hints that the rate of expansion has been increasing over time. (The Guardian) (Berkeley Lab)
General images
The following are images from various energy-related articles on Wikipedia.
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Acceptance of wind and solar facilities in one's community is stronger among U.S. Democrats (blue), while acceptance of nuclear power plants is stronger among U.S. Republicans (red). (from Solar power) -
North America (from Solar power) -
The Leibstadt Nuclear Power Plant in Switzerland (from Nuclear power) -
Construction close to high pressure gas transmission pipelines is discouraged, often with standing warning signs. (from Natural gas) -
Cooling towers at a geothermal power plant in Larderello, Italy -
Anacortes Refinery, on the north end of March Point southeast of Anacortes, Washington, United States (from Oil refinery) -
Natural gas burning on a gas stove (from Natural gas) -
The warming influence (called radiative forcing) of long-lived greenhouse gases has increased substantially in the last 40 years, with carbon dioxide and methane being the dominant drivers of global warming. (from Natural gas) -
Museum Hydroelectric power plant "Under the Town" in Užice, Serbia, built in 1900. (from Hydroelectricity) -
Enhanced geothermal system 1:Reservoir 2:Pump house 3:Heat exchanger 4:Turbine hall 5:Production well 6:Injection well 7:Hot water to district heating 8:Porous sediments 9:Observation well 10:Crystalline bedrock (from Geothermal power) -
Battery storage facility -
Yearly hydro generation by continent (from Hydroelectricity) -
For cooking, electric induction stoves are one of the most energy-efficient and safest options. (from Sustainable energy) -
Most waste packaging, small-scale experimental fuel recycling chemistry and radiopharmaceutical refinement is conducted within remote-handled hot cells. (from Nuclear power) -
A comparison of prices over time for energy from nuclear fission and from other sources. Over the presented time, thousands of wind turbines and similar were built on assembly lines in mass production resulting in an economy of scale. While nuclear remains bespoke, many first of their kind facilities added in the timeframe indicated and none are in serial production. Our World in Data notes that this cost is the global average, while the 2 projects that drove nuclear pricing upwards were in the US. The organization recognises that theLCOE is a measure of the average net present cost of electricity generation for a generating plant over its lifetime. As a metric, it remains controversial as the lifespan of units are not independent but manufacturer projections, not a demonstrated longevity. (from Nuclear power) -
The share of electricity production from solar, 2022 (from Solar power) -
Net metering, unlike a feed-in tariff, requires only one meter, but it must be bi-directional. (from Solar power) -
US Natural Gas Marketed Production 1900 to 2012 (US EIA data) (from Natural gas) -
Several countries and the European Union have committed to dates for all new cars to be zero-emissions vehicles. (from Sustainable energy) -
A breakdown of the products made from a typical barrel of US oil (from Oil refinery) -
Sample of kerosene (from Oil refinery) -
South America (from Solar power) -
Sample of gasoline (from Oil refinery) -
Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System with all three towers under load (from Solar power) -
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Growth of worldwide nuclear power generation (from Nuclear power) -
TheMW of electricity within 60 seconds of the demand arising. (from Hydroelectricity) -
Trends in the top five natural gas-producing countries (US EIA data) (from Natural gas) -
Schematics of a grid-connected residentialPV power system (from Solar power) -
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Example of energy policy decisions: The goal of the Southern Gas Corridor, which connects the giant Shah Deniz gas field in Azerbaijan to Europe, is to reduce Europe's dependency on Russian gas. (from Energy policy) -
Countries by natural gas proven reserves (2014), based on data from The World Factbook (from Natural gas) -
The town ofPripyat abandoned since 1986, with the Chernobyl plant and the Chernobyl New Safe Confinement arch in the distance (from Nuclear power) -
Thecooling towers (from Nuclear power) -
Burning of natural gas coming out of the ground (from Natural gas) -
Sample ofcrude oil (petroleum) (from Oil refinery) -
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Life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of electricity supply technologies, median values calculated byIPCC (from Nuclear power) -
Comparison of natural gas prices in Japan, United Kingdom, and United States, 2007–2011 (from Natural gas) -
Following the 2011nuclear accident since 1986, 50,000 households were displaced after radiation leaked into the air, soil and sea. Radiation checks led to bans of some shipments of vegetables and fish. (from Nuclear power) -
Natural gas extraction by countries in cubic meters per year around 2013 (from Natural gas) -
Sulphur (from Oil refinery) -
The multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric generator (MMRTG), used in several space missions such as the Curiosity Mars rover (from Nuclear power) -
Clean energy investment has benefited from post-pandemic economic recovery, a global energy crisis involving high fossil fuel prices, and growing policy support across various nations. (from Sustainable energy) -
The Warwick Castle water-powered generator house, used for the generation of electricity for the castle from 1894 until 1940 (from Hydroelectricity) -
Electricity production by source (from Solar power) -
Europe (from Solar power) -
Seasonal cycle of capacity factors for wind and photovoltaics in Europe shown under idealized assumptions. The figure illustrates the balancing effects of wind and solar energy at the seasonal scale (Kaspar et al., 2019). (from Solar power) -
Death rates from air pollution and accidents related to energy production, measured in deaths in the past per terawatt hours (TWh) (from Nuclear power) -
Nuclear waste flasks generated by the United States during the Cold War are stored underground at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in New Mexico. The facility is seen as a potential demonstration for storing spent fuel from civilian reactors. (from Nuclear power) -
The 120-MWe Nesjavellir power station in southwest Iceland (from Geothermal power) -
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liquified petroleum gas (from Oil refinery) -
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Installed geothermal energy capacity, 2022 (from Geothermal power) -
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Refinery, Bayport Industrial Complex, Harris County, Texas (from Oil refinery) -
Russia was a key oil and gas supplier to Europe (map from 2013). This changed with the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. (from Energy policy) -
The Calder Hall nuclear power station in the United Kingdom, the world's first commercial nuclear power station. (from Nuclear power) -
Fire-extinguishing operations after the Texas City refinery explosion (from Oil refinery) -
The nuclear fuel cycle begins when uranium is mined, enriched, and manufactured into nuclear fuel (1), which is delivered to a nuclear power plant. After use, the spent fuel is delivered to a reprocessing plant (2) or to a final repository (3). In nuclear reprocessing 95% of spent fuel can potentially be recycled to be returned to use in a power plant (4). (from Nuclear power) -
United States andnuclear weapons stockpiles, 1945–2006. The Megatons to Megawatts Program was the main driving force behind the sharp reduction in the quantity of nuclear weapons worldwide since the cold war ended. (from Nuclear power) -
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Oil refinery in Iran (from Oil refinery) -
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Hydro generation by country, 2021 (from Hydroelectricity) -
Natural gas processing plant in Aderklaa, Lower Austria (from Natural gas) -
Part of thephotovoltaic power plant located on former open-pit mining areas close to the city of Senftenberg, in Eastern Germany. The 78 MW Phase 1 of the plant was completed within three months. (from Solar power) -
Schematic flow diagram of a typical crude oil distillation unit as used in petroleum crude oil refineries (from Oil refinery) -
Deaths caused by use of fossil fuels such as natural gas (areas of rectangles in chart) greatly exceed those resulting from production of renewable energy (rectangles barely visible in chart). (from Natural gas) -
Global energy usage is highly unequal. High income countries such as the United States and Canada use 100 times as much energy per capita as some of the least developed countries in Africa. (from Sustainable energy) -
Utility cycling infrastructure, such as this bike lane in Vancouver, encourages sustainable transport. (from Sustainable energy) -
Anti-nuclear protest near nuclear waste disposal centre at Gorleben in northern Germany (from Nuclear power) -
life-cycle greenhouse gases of hydroelectricity projects, to potentially exceed that of coal power stations. (from Hydroelectricity) -
Deaths caused as a result of fossil fuel use (areas of rectangles in chart) greatly exceed those resulting from production of sustainable energy (rectangles barely visible in chart). (from Sustainable energy)
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Storage tanks and towers atShell Oil Company), Anacortes, Washington (from Oil refinery) -
Share of electricity production from hydropower, 2022 (from Hydroelectricity) -
The first light bulbs ever lit by electricity generated by nuclear power atEBR-1 at Argonne National Laboratory-West, December 20, 1951. (from Nuclear power) -
The location of shale gas compared to other types of gas deposits (from Natural gas) -
Natural gas drilling rig in Texas, US (from Natural gas) -
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South and South-East Asia (from Solar power) -
Australia (from Solar power) -
Manhole for domestic gas supply, London, UK (from Natural gas) -
Sample of diesel fuel (from Oil refinery) -
Share of electricity production from nuclear, 2022 (from Nuclear power) -
Typical composition ofLWR (from Nuclear power) -
The growth of solar PV on a semi-log scale since 1996 (from Solar power) -
motor oil (from Oil refinery) -
Thomas Young - the first to use the term "energy" in the modern sense, in 1802. (from History of energy) -
Construction of the Salt Tanks which provide efficient thermal energy storage so that output can be provided after sunset, and output can be scheduled to meet demand requirements. The 280 MW Solana Generating Station is designed to provide six hours of energy storage. This allows the plant to generate about 38% of its rated capacity over the course of a year. (from Solar power) -
Peoples Gas Manlove Field natural gas storage area in Newcomb Township, Champaign County, Illinois. In the foreground (left) is one of the numerous wells for the underground storage area, with an LNG plant, and above-ground storage tanks are in the background (right). (from Natural gas) -
Activity of spent UOx fuel in comparison to the activity of natural uranium ore over time (from Nuclear power) -
Yearly geothermal generation by continent (from Geothermal power) -
Global geothermal electric capacity. Upper red line is installed capacity; lower green line is realized production. (from Geothermal power) -
Nuclear fuel assemblies being inspected before entering a pressurized water reactor in the United States (from Nuclear power) -
The outdoor section of a heat pump. In contrast to oil and gas boilers, they use electricity and are highly efficient. As such, electrification of heating can significantly reduce emissions. (from Sustainable energy) -
Cracks at the historic Town Hall of Staufen im Breisgau presumed due to damage from geothermal drilling (from Geothermal power) -
Africa and Middle East (from Solar power) -
Actual annual deployments of solar PV vs predictions by the IEA for the period 2002–2016. Predictions have largely and consistently underestimated actual growth. (from Solar power) -
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Schematic flow diagram of a typical natural gas processing plant (from Natural gas) -
Olkiluoto 3 under construction in 2009. It was the first EPR, a modernized PWR design, to start construction. (from Nuclear power) -
A photovoltaic power station in California, United States -
A gas bill from Baltimore, Maryland, 1834, for manufactured coal gas, before the introduction of ground-extracted methane gas. (from Natural gas) -
A micro-hydro facility in Vietnam (from Hydroelectricity) -
Since 1985, the proportion of electricity generated from low-carbon sources has increased only slightly. Advances in deploying renewables have been mostly offset by declining shares of nuclear power. (from Sustainable energy) -
The status of nuclear power globally (click for legend) (from Nuclear power) -
Pico hydroelectricity inMondulkiri, Cambodia (from Hydroelectricity) -
Kenyan dairy farmer lighting a biogas lamp. Biogas produced from biomass is a renewable energy source that can be burned for cooking or light. (from Sustainable energy) -
Part of the 354 MW Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS) parabolic trough solar complex in northern San Bernardino County, California (from Solar power) -
ReactorFukushima accident. (from Nuclear power) -
Geothermal generation by country, 2021 (from Geothermal power) -
A parabolic collector concentrates sunlight onto a tube in its focal point. (from Solar power) -
Proportions of the isotopesCANDU reactors work with natural uranium. (from Nuclear power) -
TheMW. (from Hydroelectricity) -
Passive cooling features, such as these windcatcher towers in Iran, bring cool air into buildings without any use of energy. (from Sustainable energy) -
The launching ceremony of the USS Nautilus January 1954. In 1958 it would become the first vessel to reach the North Pole. (from Nuclear power) -
Bloomberg NEF reported that in 2022, global energy transition investment equaled fossil fuels investment for the first time. (from Sustainable energy) -
World map showing where people without access to electricity lived in 2016—mainly in sub-Saharan Africa and the Indian subcontinent (from Sustainable energy) -
Electrified transport and renewable energy are key areas of investment for therenewable energy transition. (from Sustainable energy) -
Crude oil is separated into fractions by fractional distillation. The fractions at the top of the fractionating column have lower boiling points than the fractions at the bottom. The heavy bottom fractions are often cracked into lighter, more useful products. All of the fractions are processed further in other refining units. (from Oil refinery) -
Dry cask storage vessels storing spent nuclear fuel assemblies (from Nuclear power) -
Neste Oil refinery in Porvoo, Finland (from Oil refinery) -
The guided-missile cruiser USS Monterey (CG 61) receives fuel at sea (FAS) from the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS George Washington (CVN 73). (from Nuclear power) -
main being placed in a trench (from Natural gas) -
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Theworld's largest power-producing facility of any kind. (from Hydroelectricity) -
Wind turbines in Xinjiang, China -
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A woman in ruralindoor and outdoor air pollution. (from Sustainable energy) -
A pipeline odorant injection station (from Natural gas) -
Greenhouse gas emissions per energy source. Solar power is one of the sources with the least greenhouse gas emissions. (from Solar power) -
Buildings in the Solar Settlement at Schlierberg, Germany, produce more energy than they consume. They incorporate rooftop solar panels and are built for maximum energy efficiency. (from Sustainable energy) -
The oil refinery incrude oil a year. Its two cooling towers are landmarks of the city's skyline. (from Oil refinery) -
Benefitting from favorable policies and declining costs of modules, photovoltaic solar installation has grown consistently, with China expected to account for 50% of new global solar photovoltaic projects by 2024. (from Solar power) -
Yearly solar generation by continent (from Solar power) -
Measurement of the tailrace and forebay rates at the Limestone Generating Station in Manitoba, Canada. (from Hydroelectricity) -
Trends in the top five geothermal electricity-generating countries, 1980–2012 (US EIA) (from Geothermal power)
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Quotations
- "Without radical international measures to reduce the chance to control temperature rises. Failure to act will make an increase of between 2 and 5 degrees [3.6 - 9°F] in average temperatures almost inevitable." – Tony Blair, 2006
- "The question is not whether climate change is happening or not, but whether, in the face of this emergency, we ourselves can change fast enough." – Kofi Annan, 2006
- "I promise you a day will come when our children and grandchildren will look back and they will ask one of two questions. Either they will ask, 'What in global warming.
Related portals
WikiProjects
WikiProjects connected with energy:
- WikiProject Energy
- Oil megaprojects task force
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