Lorenzo Leonbruno
Lorenzo Leonbruno | |
---|---|
Born | 10 March 1489 Mantua, Italy |
Died | 1537 Mantua, Italy |
Known for | Painting |
Notable work | Adoration of the Shepherds |
Movement | Early Renaissance |
Patron(s) | Gonzaga Family |
Lorenzo Leonbruno (10 March 1489 – 1537), also known as Lorenzo de Leombeni, was an Italian painter during the early
Leonbruno's most significant artistic commission was his decoration of the Camera Grande in the Gonzaga palace in Mantua, which was completed in 1523 for his patron Isabella d'Este.
Biography
Lorenzo Leonbruno was adopted by the Mantuan court painter Giovanni Luca de' Liombini, and was raised as Liombini's own son.[4] Although there remains little extant documentation on his early life and artistic training, some of Leonbruno's early training is attributed to the workshop of Andrea Mantegna, who was a highly distinguished court painter for Lodovico Gonzaga and the Gonzaga family.[2][5] Mantegna painted frescoes and portraits for the Gonzaga court in their palace at Mantua in the mid-late 15th century, as well as some interior paintings of the Palazzo di San Sebastiano. Leonbruno's training with Andrea Mantegna ended with Mantegna's death in 1506. After Mantegna's death, the Gongaza's selected several artists from his workshop to replace him as court artists, among them Lorenzo Costa the Elder, whom Leonbruno would train under, and later, Lorenzo Leonbruno.[6]
Major works and commissions
Palazzo di San Sebastiano
In 1512, Leonbruno returned to Mantua on commission by Francesco II Gonzaga to decorate the interior of one of his private residences, the Palazzo di San Sebastiano. Leonbruno worked under the supervision of Lorenzo Costa the Elder, as well as alongside the Mantuan artists Dosso Dossi. The interior rooms Leonbruno decorated with wall paintings include: the oratory, a camerino (dressing room), the loggia, and numerous smaller rooms. It is here that Leonbruno supposedly painted one of his most well-known works, Apollo and the Nine Muses.[15] The work was a large canvas painting depicting Apollo playing music and the nine Muses singing to Francesco II Gonzaga.[4] However, it still remains unclear as to whether or not it was Leonbruno who produced this art piece. A document dating to the early 16th century attributes this canvas painting to Leonbruno, but recent scholarship has disregarded this document and has adopted the theory that Leonbruno did not produce this work.[3][14][16] This work, along with the rest of his wall paintings in the Palazzo di San Sebastiano, have all been destroyed.
Camera Grande della Palazzo Ducale di Mantova
In 1520-1522, Leonbruno was commissioned by Isabella d'Este to decorate the interior vaulted ceiling of her apartment in the Corte Vecchia: the room where she lived as a widow after her husband's death in 1519.[4] The apartment was known as the Camera Grande, which subsequently became the name of his work on the interior ceiling; a vast ceiling fresco depicting scenes of hunting in lunettes encircling a central oculus portraying a fictional scene.[17] The fresco features exquisite gold and white stucco which frame thematic scenes from antiquity.[18] It has been said that this work was inspired by Andrea Mantegna's well-known earlier ceiling paintings in the Camera Picta.[19] The work still survives today, and the date of the decorations created by Leonbruno are mentioned in a document dating to 1522.[4][20][21]
List of works and current locations
- Amymone (Allegory of Mantua) c. 1495-1505. Oil on canvas. Private Collection.[23]
- Adoration of the Shepherds 1505. Oil on panel. Worcester Art Museum.
- Judgement of Midas 1512-1514. Berlin: Staatliche Museen, Gemäldegalerie.
- Saint Giovanni Evangelista (Saint John the Evangelist) 1515. Porto Ercole: San Paolo della Croce (Church of Saint Paul of the Cross).
- The Nativity c. 1515. Oil on panel. Tokyo: National Museum of Western Art.
- Camera Granda or Scalcheria (19th century name). c. 1522-23. Ceiling Fresco. Mantua: Ducal Palace.
- Nymph Fishing and a Youth Hunting 1522. Fresco Lunette in the Camera Grande. Mantua: Palazzo Ducale.
- Sleeping Nymph, or Allegory with Mercury and a Nude 1522-1523. Oil on canvas. Florence: Uffizi Gallery.
- Calumny of Apelles, or Allegory of Fortune 1524-1525. Oil on wood panel. Milan: Pinacoteca di Brera.[24][25]
- Saints Peter, Paul, and Anthony of Padua 1530. Mantua: Church of Sant'Apollonia.
- Allegorical Scene. Date unknown. Oil on canvas. Verona: Castelvecchio Museum.
- Madonna and Child in Glory with Archangel Michael, Saint John the Evangelist, and Saint Longinus, attributed to Leonbruno. Date unknown. Altarpiece. Mantua: Palazzo Ducale.
- Saint Jerome. Date Unknown, but associated with his last phase of painting in 1530s. Mantua: Private Collection.
- Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saint Lawrence, Saint Peter, and Saint Louis of Toulouse c. 1531. Milan: Museo Poldi Pezzoli. Occasionally attributed to Ippolito Costa, the son of Lorenzo Costa the Elder. Cf. for scholarly debate.[13]
- Lamentation over the Dead Christ c.1533. Mantua: Museo di Palazzo Ducale.
Notes
- ^ "Biography of LEONBRUNO, Lorenzo in the Web Gallery of Art". www.wga.hu. Retrieved 2017-03-07.
- ^ a b Rebecchini, Guido (2002). Private Collectors in Mantua: 1500-1630. Roma: di Storia e Letteratura. pp. 40–43.
- ^ a b c d Chambers, D.S. (1997). "Review of Lorenzo Leonbruno: Un Pittore a Corte nella Mantova di Primo Cinquecento by Leandro Ventura". The Burlington Magazine. 139: 485.
- ^ ISBN 0892365056.
- ISBN 0713990201.
- ^ a b Rebecchini, Guido (2002). Private Collectors in Mantua: 1500-1630. Roma: di Storia e Letteratura. p. 42.
- ^ Bryan, Michael (1889). Dictionary of Painters and Engravers: Biographical and Critical (Digitized by Google). Vol. 2. London: G. Bell and Sons. p. 44.
- ^ "Virtual Uffizi Gallery: Lorenzo Costa". Virtual Uffizi Gallery. 2007–2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
- ^ Bourne, M.H. (1998). Out from the Shadow of Isabella: The Artistic Patronage of Francesco II Gonzaga, Fourth Marquis of Mantua (1484-1519). Boston: Harvard University. p. 168.
- ^ ISBN 9780521792486.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ISBN 8871198107.
- ISBN 8871198107.
- ^ ISBN 0892365056.
- ^ ISBN 8871198107.
- ^ C. M. Brown : ‘The palazzo di San Sebastiano (1506–1512) and the Patronage of Francesco II Gonzaga, Fourth Marquis of Mantua’, Gaz. B.-A., lxxix (1997), pp. 131–80
- ISBN 0892365056.
- ISBN 9780521792486.
- ISBN 0892365056.
- ISBN 9780521792486.
- ISBN 8871198107.
- ^ Gamba, Carlo (1906). "Lorenzo Leombruno". Rassegna d'arte. 6: 65–70.
- ^ "Google Art Project: Lorenzo Leonbruno da Mantova". Google Art Project. October 4, 2012. Retrieved March 26, 2017.
- ^ Rachiele, Valentina. "Engramma-Saggi n.53". www.engramma.it. Archived from the original on 2016-08-22. Retrieved 2017-04-21.
- ^ "Allegory of the Calumny - Lorenzo Leombruno". Retrieved 2017-04-21.
- ^ Rachiele, Valentina. "Engramma-Saggi n.53". www.engramma.it. Archived from the original on 2016-08-22. Retrieved 2017-04-24.
- ^ Museum page
References and Further reading
- Bourne, M.H. 1998. Out from the Shadow of Isabella: The Artistic Patronage of Francesco II Gonzaga, Fourth Marquis of Mantua (1484-1519). Harvard University.
- Brown, M. 1997. "The Palazzo di San Sebastiano (1506-1512) and the Patronage of Francesco II Gonzaga, Fourth Marquis of Mantua." Gaz. B.A. 79: 131-180.
- Chambers, D.S. 1997. "Review of Lorenzo Leonbruno: Un Pittore a Corte nella Mantova di Primo Cinquecento by Leandro Ventura." The Burlington Magazine 139: 485.
- DeMarchi, A. 1998. "Dosso versus Leonbruno." In Dosso's Fate: Painting and Court Culture in Renaissance Italy. L. Ciammitti, ed. Los Angeles: The Getty Research Institute. p. 152-175.
- Furlotti, B. and G. Rebecchini. 2008. The Art of Mantua: Power and Patronage in the Renaissance. Getty Publications.
- Rebecchini, G. 2002. Private Collectors in Mantua, 1500-1603. Rome: Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura.
- Regan, L. 2013. "If So in Adversity: Mastering Fortune in Lorenzo Leonbruno's Calumny of Apelles." Journal of California Italian Studies 4:1-45.
- Regan, L.K. 2004. Creating the Court Lady: Isabella D'Este as Patron and Subject. University of California Berkeley.
- Russell, F. 1977. "Saleroom Discoveries: A Nativity by Lorenzo Leonbruno." Burl. Mag. 119: 601.
- Ventura, L. 1995. Lorenzo Leonbruno: Un Pittore a Corte nella Mantova di Primo Cinquecento. Roma: Bulzoni.
- Farquhar, Maria (1855). Ralph Nicholson Wornum (ed.). Biographical catalogue of the principal Italian painters. p. 83.